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Haematology SOH > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

name 2 causes of microcytic anaemia

A

Iron deficiency

thalaseamiea

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2
Q

Blood film of iron deficiency anaemia. Which cells will be seen

A

Rod cells (pencil cells)

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3
Q

name 2 causes of macryocytic anaemia (megaloblastic anaemia). WHY is this the case

A

B12 deficiency and Folate deficiency

- B12 and folate are essential co-factors for nuclear maturation.

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4
Q

microcytic anaemia due to problem with

  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Macrocytic anaemia due to problem with

  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
A

Nucleus

- abnormal nuclear maturation (nucleus fails to divide)

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6
Q

Most common cause of B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious anaemia

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7
Q

Name 4 causes of B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious anaemia
Vegan
Gastrectomy
Coeliac disease

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8
Q

Where is B12 absorbed

A

ileum

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9
Q

Where is folate absorbed

A

Jejunum

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10
Q

Which auto-antibodies do you check for in ?pernicious anaemia

A

anti Gastric parietal cell

anti Intrinsic factor

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11
Q

How do you manage pernicious anaemia

A

Vit B 12 injections for life

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12
Q

What is spurious macrocytosis

Name 2 causes

A

Volume of mature red cells is normal
but MCV is measured as high

Reticulocytosis (bigger than mature cells)
Cold agglutains

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13
Q

Name an example of a normocytic anaemia

A

Anaemia of chronic disease

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14
Q

Anaemia of chronic disease

  • transferrin (increased/reduced)
  • serum ferritin (increased/reduced)
A

Transferrin - reduced

Serum ferritin - increased

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15
Q

Haemolytic anaemia

- microcytic/normocytic/macrocytic

A

Normocytic

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16
Q

What will blood film of haemolytic anaemia show

A

Polychromatic red cells

- due to increased reticulocytosis

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17
Q

Heinz bodies makes you think

A

G6PD deficiency

18
Q

Which kind of inheritance is G6PD deficiency

A

X-linked recessive

19
Q

Microcytic anaemia means

  • nucleus problem
  • cytoplasm problem
A

Cytoplasm problem

20
Q

Macrocytic anaemia means

  • nucleus problem
  • cytoplasm problem
A

Nucleus problem

21
Q

Which kind of anaemia is thalassaemia

A

Microcytic anaemia

22
Q

Target cells on blood film suggest (2)

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

Splenectomy

23
Q

Rod cells on blood film suggest

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

24
Q

Stores of folate / B12 last longer?

A

B12 - lasts 2-4 years

Folate - lasts 4 months

25
Q

Name main cause of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia

A

Alcohol

26
Q

What is the best autoantibody to check for pernicious anaemia

A

anti-intrinsic factor antibody

27
Q

What should you treat first

  • B12 deficiency
  • folate deficiency

WHY

A

Treat B12 deficiency first, otherwise you risk sub acute combined degeneration of the cord

28
Q

Management of pernicious anaemia

A

Vitamin B12 injections for life (hydroxycobalamin)

- administered every 3 months

29
Q

MCV in anaemia of chornic disease is typically

A

Normal - normocytic anaemia

30
Q

Adult levels of HbA are reached by X months of life?

A

6-12 months

31
Q

For oxygen to bind, iron must be in Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ state?

A

Must be in Fe2+ for oxygen to bind

32
Q

Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right. This means more/less oxygen is bound?

A

Less oxygen bound so more oxygen delivered to tissues

33
Q

if 3 alpha Hb genes are missing, what is this called

A

Alpha thalassaemia - HbH disease

34
Q

If there are 0 alpha Hb genes, what is this called?

A

Alpha thalassaemia - Hb barts hydrops foetalis

35
Q

What is the most severe form of alpha thalassaemia ?

A

Hb barts hydrops foetalis

36
Q

Management of beta thalasseamia trait

A

No management required

37
Q

Management of beta thalasaemia intermedia

A

Occasional transfusion

38
Q

6-24 month old, pale, failure to thrive, splenomegaly, target cells. What is likely diagnosis? and management?

A

Beta thalassaemia major

Tx: lifelong transfusion

39
Q

Howell Jolly bodies indicates

A

Post splenectomy

40
Q

Bone deformities occur in which type of anaemia

A

Thalassaemia

41
Q

What are the 3 main features of haemolytic anaemia

A

Jaundice
Splenomegaly
Anaemia

42
Q

patient that turns jaundice and becomes anaemic after eating broad beans, developing an infection or being treated with antimalarials. The underlying diagnosis might be

A

G6PD deficiency

Haematology SOH (22 decks)

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