osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis Flashcards
where are the synovial joints located?
situated between the ends of bones formed via enchondral ossification. they are stregthened by a sense fibroud capsule reinforced by ligaments and muscles
what are joints composed of?
joint capsule, synovium and articular cartilage
what are the 4 zones of articular cartilage?
superficial, intermediate, deep, and calcified. ceverything is anchroed tightly to the chondrocytes.
risk factors for osteoarthritis?
wear and tear with repeated trauma, heredity, obesity, aging etc
what is primary osteoarthritis?
occurs in the elderly, more common in women. focal degenerative changes
what is secondary oestoarthritis?
may appear at any age, result of wear and tear involving the joints
what is phase 1 of osteoarthritis?
chondrocyte injury, related to injury and biomechanical factors
what is phase 2 of osteoarthritis?
early osteoarthritis. chondrocytes prolfierate and secrete inflammatory mediators, collagen and proteases. all act to remodel cartilaginous matrix and initiate inflammatory changes
what is phase 3 of osteoarthritis?
late osteoarthritis. repetitive injurt and chronic inflammation lead to chrondrocyte drop out, marked loss of cartilage and extensive subchrondral bone changes
risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis?
high association with HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR1 and familial aggregation
features of rheumatoid arthritis?
inflammatory arthritis, swelling, stiffness, pain in small and large joints, often symmetrical
main differences between rheumatoid and osteo- arthritis
Osteoarthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage joint surface wears out. Osteoarthritis usually begins in an isolated joint. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease.
