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G : Changing places > Meaning of place > Flashcards

Meaning of place Flashcards

1
Q

How should places been understood as?

A

They are dynamic and should be understood as a coming together of people, ideas, wealth and information rather than a simple location.

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2
Q

Factors that can change the character of a place and what do they affect?

A
  • Economic factors
  • Migration
  • Conflict
  • Terrorism
  • Industrial accidents
  • Natural disasters
  • Climate change
  • These factors can change the way that a place is perceivedand the lives of the residents and workers there.
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3
Q

What are the 8 key agents of change?

A
  • Migration and conflict
  • Terrorism
  • Industrial accidents
  • Natural disasters
  • Climate change
  • Government policies
  • Multinational corporations
  • International or global institutions
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4
Q

What is meant by meaning?

A

This relates to the individual or collective perceptions of place.

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5
Q

What are the 10 various ways places are given ‘place-specific meanings’?

A
  • Capital-intensive regeneration
  • advertising and representation in the media
  • State intervention and private sector inward investment
  • Land-use change: introduction of new schools and universities
  • Activities of artists, photographers, writers, musicians, and film directors
  • Prime employment sector e.g. Liverpool - docks, Manchester - warehouses + factories, Old street - silicon roundabout
  • The historical element of the place e.g. York is known for its historical buildings
  • Events such as making them culture capital through the help of the EU
  • Making them excel at one specific factor e.g. science or sustainability
  • New city slogan
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6
Q

Different stakeholders that create place-specific meanings

A
  • International, national, and local government
  • Corporate bodies and tourist agencies
  • Community/local groups and individuals
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7
Q

How do international, national, and local governments help to create place-specific meaning?

A
  • Campaigning for prestigious titles etc. which can bring in tourism and massively boost the economy as shown in Hull (EU Culture Capital)
  • Local government can give the area new slogans to make it seem nicer
  • Pour money into the redevelopment of the area e.g. Liverpool Waters £5.5bn investment which will attract tourists, businesses, and further investments
  • Local government can introduce museums highlighting the place-specific history
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8
Q

How do corporate bodies and tourist agencies help to create place-specific meaning?

A
  • Can highlight the heritage of an area in order to attract tourists.
  • Investments into the community can help boost economy
  • The introduction of big brands into an area can draw people to it
  • Large corporations can turn a place into a ‘technology hub’ – old street
  • British businesses such as Marks and Spencer Tesco and Sainsbury’s (often acting as anchor stores)
  • Transnational corporations

- National and global investors in property and infrastructure (including the sovereign wealth funds who are the owners of the UK’s various Westfield Centres, including Stratford, London, where an estimated 10,000 people are employed).

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9
Q

How do community/local groups/individuals help to create place-specific meaning?

A
  • Musicians, artists, authors can all contribute to the way a place is viewed - Oasis made Manchester a big scene for Britpop, J.K. Rowling changed the meaning of Kings Cross Station for many people, middle earth in NZ changed due to the Lord of the Rings -
  • Communities can come together to push the government towards changing the area e.g. eco-districts
  • Social networks play a bigger community-building role, helping to catalyse neighbourhood co-operation and social action.
  • a post-riot clean-up Twitter campaign showed how social media can be used to inspire people to participate in improving their home place’s image. In Clapham and Hackney, hundreds of people turned up with brooms to sweep the streets

- CSCB (coin street community builders) helped to clean up the area and regenerate it

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10
Q

What is representation?

A

This relates to how a place is portrayed or seen in society.

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11
Q

What do perceptions of international places tend to be influenced by?

A
  • They tend to be influenced by the media rather than by personal and direct experience.
  • or by Historical and political relationships or Trading links.
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12
Q

What is place marketing?

A

This is where a positive perception of place is created by companies commissioned by the government.

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13
Q

What is rebranding?

A
  • This is turning a negative perception of a place into a more positive one at local, national and international levels
  • It is redeveloped and marketed so that it gains a new identity.
  • Can attract New investment, retailing, tourists and residents

. - It will encourage people to live, visit and invest in the area.

  • geographers argue rebranding must start from the inside This is because an understanding of a place is needed in order to rebrand it.
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14
Q

What is a problem with rebranding?

A
  • It is challenging to satisfy all of the stakeholders.
  • Some stakeholders may want to protect and project the place whereas others might want to establish place brands.
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15
Q

What are three different things that place brands may be based on?

A
  • Government incentives
  • Available technology
  • International links
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16
Q

What is Regeneration?

A
  • Longer term process often aimed initially at economic regeneration which through the multipleier effect will bring further social and physical improvements
  • This involves the redevelopment and the use of social, economic and environmental action to reverse urban decline and create sustainable communities.
17
Q

Aims of regeneration

A
  • To create sustainable communities.
  • To reverse urban decline.
18
Q

What is a negative consequence of regeneration?

A
  • Some regeneration schemes have driven out the people that they have intended to help.
  • The house prices increase and people can no longer afford to live there.
  • It sometimes favours more affluent peoplewho can afford higher house prices and rents.
19
Q

How has Liverpool been regenerated?

A
  • Liverpool City Council (LCC) continues to exert great influence over the evolution of the city’s economy and urban fabric
  • LCC nominated Liverpool for two global awards as a World Heritage Site (WHS) and European Capital of Culture.
  • Most recently, the LCC, has plans for a futuristic €5.5 billion technoscape development along the city’s coastline. The centerpiece of the envisaged new ‘Liverpool Waters’ development will be the 55-story Shanghai Tower. The aim is to drive up investment from Asian businesses who, it is hoped, will come to view Liverpool as a desirable locational for their European offices.

The city council has also played an active role since 2010 marketing Liverpool to Chinese businesses at the Shanghai Expo annual trade fair in China

20
Q

How has New Chinatown (Liverpool) been regenerated?

A
  • In April 2016, work began on the £200+ million development of ‘New Chinatown’ in Liverpool.
  • The development will include over 800 apartments with a concierge service, in excess of 150,000 ft2 of commercial and retail space, and a new high-class hotel and luxury spa.
  • Backing for the project comes from Chinese investment partners as well as the Trade and Investment Organisation associated with the UK government.
  • Several of the businesses will be Chinese

T- he architects of the project, BLOK Architecture, have explained their approach: ‘From the beginning, we have had a vision for an essentially Chinese development that will breathe new life and vibrancy into a historic but recently declining area.’

21
Q

Reimaging

A
  • related to both rebranding and regeneration and involves a marketing/public relations exercise to promote a modern, fresh and positive image of a place
  • This dissociates a place from bad pre-existing images in relation to poor housing, social deprivation, high levels of crime, environmental pollution and industrial dereliction.
  • It can attract new investment, retailing, tourists and residents.
  • Main idea is Negative perceptions are discarded and new positive ideas, feelings and attitudes to people of that place are created.
22
Q

Gentrification - 4 main areas affected

A

Property and land values

Environmental quality

Social Issues

Community cohesion

23
Q

Positive consequences of gentrification:

A
  • Wealthier people move in to spend more money in the local economy
  • The area is more attractive to tourists
  • The area is prettier and there is less litter
  • Hipsters/middle-class people more likely to spend more money in order to be more environmentally friendly
  • More/better-kept greenspaces
  • New employment opportunities as more shops open

-

24
Q

Negative consequences of gentrification:

A
  • Poorer residents need to move out.
  • If they get too high, then only the extremely wealthy may buy land as second homes meaning they will not contribute to the local economy.
  • More buildings in the area due to it being a desirable place to live
  • Inequality increased as there is a larger gap between the new middle-class people and the poorer residents that lived there
  • Younger members of some local multigenerational families may have fewer skills and earn less compared with professional incomers; they cannot afford to leave the family home and buy their own property locally

G : Changing places (4 decks)

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