Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anterior Segment Disease > 3: Eyelids- Malignant Lesions > Flashcards

3: Eyelids- Malignant Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

signs of skin cancer: ABCDE rule

A

-Asymmetry: one half does not match the other
-Borders: indistinct borders (uneven, scalloped, notching)
-Color: various colors within the lesion, may be amelanotic
-Diameter/Disruption: 6 mm (size of pencil eraser) or larger; disruption of normal eyelid architecture (e.g., madarosis, poliosis, swelling or thickening of the eyelid)
Evolving: any change in size, shape, color, or elevation; bleeding, itching or crusting; new mole after age 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

basal cell carcinoma etiology

A
  • proliferation of atypical basal epithelial cells

- associated with UV exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

basal cell carcinoma demographics

A
  • typically develops after the age of 50

- more common in Caucasians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

basal cell carcinoma laterality

A

unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

basal cell carcinoma symptoms

A
  • asymptomatic

- “bump” or mole, scab or “sore” on eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

basal cell carcinoma signs

A
  • variable appearance
  • pink, shiny, firm, pearly nodule with small overlying blood vessels
  • centrally ulcerated with pearly raised rolled edges
  • firm, waxy yellow plaque with indistinct borders
  • open sore
  • most frequently involves the LL and medial canthus > UL and lateral canthus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

basal cell carcinoma complications

A
  • orbital extension

- metastasis (extremely rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

basal cell carcinoma management

A
  • refer for biopsy and surgical excision

- Moh’s surgery: 98% curative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

basal cell carcinoma clinical pearls:

  • most common ____; 90% of cases involve ____ and ~10% of those involve _____
  • most common ______; accounts for 90% of all cases
A

skin cancer;
head and neck;
the eyelid;
eyelid cancer/malignant tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

squamous cell carcinoma etiology

A
  • proliferation of atypical squamous epithelial cells

- associated with UV exposure, actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

squamous cell carcinoma demographics

A
  • typically develops after the age of 50

- more common in Caucasians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

squamous cell carcinoma laterality

A

unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

actinic keratosis (AK, solar keratosis)

A
  • majority of SCC cases arise from actinic keratosis
  • pre-malignant small dry, scaly, or crusty patches of skin; feel dry and rough to touch; painful, itchy, burning sensation
  • may be red, light or dark tan, white, pink, flesh-toned, or a combination
  • refer for biopsy, as 5-10% of AKs transform into SCC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

keratoacanthoma

A
  • pre-malignant variant of SCC
  • clinically may resemble SCC and BCC
  • characterized by rapid growth over a few weeks to months followed by slow regression and even spontaneous resolution in 4-6 months
  • refer for biopsy and excision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

squamous cell carcinoma symptoms

A
  • asymptomatic

- “bump” or scab/sore on eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

squamous cell carcinoma signs

A
  • variable appearance
  • scaly red patch; may have crusting, scabbing, slight bleeding to margins
  • rough, thickened, or wart-like skin
  • raised growths with a central depression
  • open sore
  • most frequently involves the LL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

squamous cell carcinoma complications

A
  • orbital extension

- metastasis (high risk of metastasis)

20
Q

squamous cell carcinoma management

A
  • referral for biopsy and surgical excision

- Moh’s surgery (may not be curative, but a good start)

21
Q

squamous cell carcinoma clinical pearls:

  • most _____ of all eyelid cancers
  • 2nd most common ______
  • 2nd most common ______; accounts for 5-10% of all cases
A

variable in presentation;
skin cancer;
eyelid cancer

22
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the sebaceous gland

23
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma etiology

A

proliferation of atypical epithelial cells lining sebaceous glands

24
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma demographics

A

typically develops after the age of 50

25
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma laterality

A

unilateral

26
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma symptoms

A
  • asymptomatic

- “bump” in or on eyelid

27
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma signs

A
  • variable appearance
  • discrete hard nodule, yellow discoloration due to the presence of lipid
  • may resemble benign lesions: recurrent, recalcitrant chalazion; recalcitrant hordeolum; chronic unilateral, recalcitrant blepharitis
  • tends to spread along the conjunctival surface
  • most frequently involves the UL (more sebacous/MGs in UL than LL!)
28
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma complications

A
  • orbital extension

- metastasis (high risk of metastasis)

29
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma management

A

referral for biopsy and surgical excision

30
Q

sebaceous gland carcinoma clinical pearls:

  • can develop in _____; most often affects ____
  • represents <1% of _____
  • overall mortality is _____ due to _____
A

any sebaceous gland;
the meibomian glands;
all eyelid tumors;
5-10%; metastasis

31
Q

melanoma

A

malignant tumor of the skin

32
Q

melanoma etiology

A
  • proliferation of atypical melanocytes
  • develop from nevus
  • associated with UV exposure
33
Q

melanoma demographics

A

more common in Caucasians

34
Q

melanoma laterality

A

unilateral

35
Q

melanoma symptoms

A
  • asymptomatic

- “bump” on eyelid; quick development (few weeks to few months); Hx of a nevus or mole, noticed change vs unaware

36
Q

melanoma signs

A
  • variable appearance
  • flat or slightly raised and discolored, asymmetric patch with uneven borders
  • variable size, but greater concern if >6 mm
  • other malignant exam findings (ex: madarosis)
37
Q

melanoma complications

A

metastasis: strong propensity with lymphatic invasion; orbital extension; may involve other organ systems

38
Q

melanoma management

A

referral for biopsy and surgical excision

39
Q

melanoma clinical pearls:

  • can occur ____
  • least common _____; represents 1% of all _____
  • most _____ eyelid malignancy due to _____; accounts for the majority of _____
  • 5-year survival rate is _____ if it is treated prior to metastasis; ____ if it spreads to the lymph nodes; _____ if spreads to distant body sites such as organs
A 
anywhere on the skin;
eyelid malignancy; 
eyelid tumors;
fatal; 
metastasis;
skin cancer deaths;
99%;
62%;
20%
40
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that usually appears on the skin or mucosal surfaces

41
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma etiology

A

proliferation of endothelial cells that line lymph or blood vessels in response to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (aka human herpesvirus 8, HHV-8)

42
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma demographics

A
  • 4 types (defined by the population that acquire KS):
    • AIDS associated KS
    • Mediterranean KS
    • African KS
    • Transplant related KS
43
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma laterality

A

unilateral or bilateral

44
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma symptoms

A
  • asymptomatic

- “bump” or plaque on the eyelid

45
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma signs

A
  • purple, red, or brown nodule or papule

- can occur on the eyelid and/or conjunctiva

46
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma management

A
  • refer out for treatment
  • HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
  • if no improvement with HAART: surgical resection, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, intralesional chemotherapy
47
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma clinical pearls:

  • can occur _____; most often affects _____
  • no treatment available to eradicate _____, therefore, not cure for ____
  • purpose of therapy is directed at _____
  • KS is considered an AIDS defining illness
  • infection with HHV-8 does not always lead to KS
A

anywhere on the skin or mucosal surfaces;
the legs and face;
HHV-8 infection;
KS;
improving cosmesis and slowing progression

Anterior Segment Disease (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions