A Flashcards by Philippa S

what germ layer does the pancreas develop from

endoderm

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Ovarian cancer is associated with which type of metastasis?

transcoelomic

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What is the lower reference limit for sperm concentration according to the WHO criteria?

15 million per mil

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A 16 year old girl has been referred to clinic as she has amenorrhoea. She reports never having periods. Her mother and 2 sisters menarche was at age 12. On examination you note the patient is 152cm tall and BMI 29.0 and secondary sexual characteristics are not developed. Her FSH is elevated. You organise a Karyotype and are phoned as the result is abnormal, what does the result show

turners

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facial nerve develops from what pharyngeal arch

2nd

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In patients with endometriosis what is the infertility rate?

40%

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What is the boundary between the true and false pelvis?

pelvic brim

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Infantile PKD inheritance pattern

autosomal rescessive

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The primary stimulus for ADH (anti-diuretic hormone AKA Vasopressin) release is?

high serum osmolality

Receptors in the Hypothalamus detect increases in serum osmolality and stimulate the posterior pituitary to secrete ADH. This is the main stimulus.

Vasopressin is also a vasoconstrictor and is stimulated when decreases in plasma volume are detected by baroreceptors in the atria and carotid sinus

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Anti-D prophylaxis should be given to women who are rhesus D negative and are having a medical abortion after how many weeks

10 weeks

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You are consenting a patient for a diagnostic hysteroscopy. What is the approximate risk of uterine perforation in diagnostic hysteroscopy?

0.1%

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The external anal sphincter is innervated by which nerves?

inferior rectal

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earliest age for amniocentesis

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A 31 year old women has bloods taken at 12 weeks gestation which show:
Elevated AFP (alpha fetoprotein) and normal pregnany-associated plasma protein A (PAPP A) and unconjugated estriol(uE3)

spina bifida

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Myasthenia Gravis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

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What is the normal range for urea concentration in an adult?

2.5 – 7.8

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A 41 year old woman is referred to EPAU with spotting in early pregnancy. What is the risk of miscarriage in women in this age group?

50%

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A 42 year old smoker attends clinic due to vulval soreness and shows you a number of vulval lumps. Biopsy confirms VIN. What is the approximate risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma?

15%

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FUNCTION OF GLUCAGON

INHIBITS Glycolysis

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Regarding lymph drainage of the cervix where does the majority of lymph drain to?

EXTERNAL ILIAC

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Which of the following hormones are required for alveolar morphogenesis during pregnancy

PROLACTIN, PROGESTERONE, HPL

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From which germ layer does the anterior pituitary develop?

ECTODERM

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Duchenne inheritance

autosomal recessive

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inheritane sickle cell disease

autosomal recessive HOMOLOGOUS

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drug class causing hyperprolactinamiae

antipsychotics

MOA atosiban

oxytocin antagonis

risk VBAC uterine rupture

1/250

cyst type - multip torsion

dermoid

level aorta divides

level common iliac divides

Gestational age when CRL 30mm

10 weeks

vitamin cofactor for glutamic acid formation

vit K

vit needed for amino acid formation

vit b6

data type mild, mod, severe

ordinal

plasma cells originate from what cell type

B lymphocytes

Immunoglobulin ass with allergic reactiosn

IgE - TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY

What hormone decreases appetite

LEPTIN (peptide hormone)type

type 0 submucosal fibroid

pedunculated INTRACAVITY

type 1 submucosal fibroids

< 50% intramural

type 2 submucosal fibroids

>50% intramural

CI oxybutinin

closed angle glaucoma

Nerve passing below inguinal ligament medial to anterior superior iliac spine

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

homologous PAROOPHORON

paradidymsis

nerve supplying skin of perineum

perineal nerve,

primary opsonin in compliement pathyway

C3b

what hormone maintains corpus leuteum in early pregnancy

HCG

calculate maternal mortality rate

deaths / live births x100,000

The stroma and endometrial glands protrude into the myometrium and there is symmetrical uterine enlargement. What is the most likely cause?

adenomyosis

54. How many genes encoded in mitochondrial DNA?

A 65 yr old nulliparous women presents with vaginal spotting. She has been postmenopausal for 15 years and does not take hormones. An ultrasound shows a mass in the uterine fundus. A hysterectomy is performed, and pathologic examination of the removed uterus reveals heterologous components of a malignant tumor of the endometrial glands and metaplastic cartilage . Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis ?

Endometrial carcinosarcoma

Early pregnancy with irregular cycle with vaginal bleeding. Urine pregnancy test is positive. Her LMP 5 weeks ago. Transvaginal ultrasound shows CRL 6 mm and lntrauetrine gestational sac with fetal pole. There is no fetal heart beat. What is the next appropriate step?

us 7-10 dayd

57. Kleihauer test is used to determine ?

fetal maternal haemorrhage

Ultrasound picture of the ovary shows cystic lesion measuring 3.3x 2.5 cm with echogenic septea. What is the most likely finding?

terratoma

A 26-year-old woman has just given birth and her newborn baby undergoes assessment. His body is pink with blue extremities and has a heart rate of 150 beats per minute. He demonstrates grasping, feeble cry and Little flexion on stimulation. What is the most likely 2TApgar2T score?

What is the most likely histological if ovarian cancer is associate with endometriosis

endometriod and clear cell

What is the chemical structure of GnRH ?

decapeptide

Which antibiotic is effective against staph exotoxin?

Clindamycin

What is the new non invasive prenatal diagnostic test of cell-free fetal DNA of maternal blood derived from?

throphoblast

Causes of secondary hyperlipidemia include all the following except: A. Diabetic mellitus B. Hyperthyroidism C. Chronic renal failure D. Alcohol E. Nephrotic syndrome

Hyperthyroidsim

What is the name of the chromosome rearrangement that involves the transfer of genetic material between two non-homologous chromosomes?

reciprocal translocation

What inhibit glucagon release?

increased Fatty acids

Most common cause of hyperprolactinemia?

prolactioma

calculate false negative rate

FN / TP+FN

In which phase of oocyte development does zona pellucida apear around ovum

primary oocyte

The ureteric buds is derived from

mesonephric duct

Which is common malignant tumour in newborn?

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Vitamin A has 2 diet sources. Plant source is carotene and the animal source

Retinol

Case of a male with azoospermia and loss of smell(anosmia) diagnosis?

Kallman's

31.CNS is the most affected during teratogenesis. What is the first sensation developed in the fetus?

touch. (8 weeks)

What is the mechanism of action of Dibagatran?

direct thrombin inhibtor

Pyramidalis is supplied by which nerve?

T12, lateral subcostal nerve

Gastrulation is process of

development 3 germ layers

Which drug trial phase primarily assesses the safety of a drug

Phase 1

LDH elevates in which type of ovarian ca ?

dysgermia

53.Infection with which one of the following human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer? 6, 11, 17, 30, 33

HPV 33

Which enzyme is present in granulosa cells but not in theca cells? A. 11 b hydroxylase B. Glucoronidase C. 17 b hydroxylase D. Acid Phosphatase E. Aromatase

aromatase

Where in body is androgen produced?

Zona reticularis

26yr woman on COCP with ethyl estradiol 30mcg came in with frequent light bleeding episodes after 3 weeks of use with negative chlamydia test and negative cx smear. What is your management?

nothing, watch for 3 months

HIV positive patient came with ruptured membranes 38 weeks. Already on HAART. Viral copies 1450. Management?

cat 3 LSCS IV Zidovudine

During laparoscopy, the remnant of theumbilical artery could be identified sometimes the it is patent. In the adult the patent segment supplies which vessel?

sup vesicle

Which test you is used to check ovarian reserves in pre menopausal women

anti mullerian hormone

The enzyme involve in the final oxidation of uric acid?

xanthine oxidase

Most enzymes that take part in Kreb’s cycle are located in?

mitochondria

Positive likelihood ratio

Sensitivity/(1-specificity)

Natural Killer Cells(NK) is increased significantly at which stage of menstrual cycle?

D late secretory

Sympathetic supply of bladder largely comes from which nerve

hypogastric

Which structure in female is homologus to male prostate?

skene

Rate limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamines?

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from which part of hypothalamus:

Supraoptic and Paraventricular nuclei

There are 3 components of interaction of ultrasound with the tissue medium: absorption, scattering, and the third one is...

reflection

Regarding the following data: mean bmi is 25% and standard deviation is 5, what is the percentage of obese class 2 and 3?

2.5%

Ovarian CA associated with mutation of mismatch repair genes

endometriod

Physiological variation in menstrual cycle between 21 to 35 days due to

estrogen fails to produce positive feedback on pituitary

Patient with ovarian mass plus pleural effusion histopath revealed white, firm, spindle shape cells. Diagnosis?

fibroma

132..There is difficulty in extracting blood in the upper arm, the intern decided to extract from the femoral vein. What is the relation of the femoral vein to the artery and nerve from lateral to medial?

NAV

Psammoma bodies are a histologic feature of ovarian papillary serous cystadenoma. ' Psammoma bodies' are composed of ?

23-year-old woman presents with fishy foul smelling vaginal odour. 'Clue cells' are found in the smear. Which of the following cell types is belong to 'Clue cells'?

epithelial

Vestibule is

between 2 labia MINOR

A 28-year-old woman with complete hydatidiform mole is found to have bilateral multiple tiny ovarian cysts along with an enlarged uterus at 12 weeks’ gestational age. The quantitative β-hCG level of 300,000 mIU/mL.What is the most likely type of these ovarian cysts?

theca leutin

What is the most common adverse effect experienced by women taking the progestogenonly pill?

bleeding

What type of drug is carboprost?

Prostaglandin F2 alpha

atient has heavy menstrual bleeding. She desires an endometrial ablation to stop bleeding after failure of medical treatment. Which part of the uterus is destructed to stop bleeding?

basal layer

28-year-old woman has undergone emergency hysterectomy due to obstetric haemorrhage during her 3rd pregnancy. The previous pregnancies were both term Csection deliveries. Examination of the uterus shows the placenta had invaded through the full thickness of the myometrium. What is the most likely diagnosis?

INCRETA (myometrium)

What type of Laser is Neodymium: YAG laser?

solid

From where in the nephron is the enzyme renin secreted

JAG

Insensible loss of water from sweat and lungs in 70 yr old healthy woman is

450mL/kg/24 hours

.Which signaling molecule that stimulate the renin-angiotensin system to regulate the sodium concentration?

aldosterone

Which class I major histocompatibility complex human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is not expressed in extravillous trophoblast

HLA - A

31 yr old c/o subfertility for 2yrs , no medical problem , BMI 38kg/m2 , hormone result : FSH 8 LH 18 progesterone 4 nm m/l E2 198 HSG patent bil tubes U/s poly cystic ovaries , Male ( husband ) normal , What is most appropriate management :

WEIGHT LOSS

Thrombosis in protein C deficiency is due to

B.Factor 5 and 8a

Transport of iodide in the cells is associated with

SODIUM

Risk "rare"

Rare affects between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 1,000 people – ie risk is 0.01% to 0.1%

What type of compound is Histones?

protein

Most important function of Vitamin C

collagen

Cells in the body produce hormones among them how many are lactotrophs?

10-15%

ndirect Inguinal Hernia where in relation to inferior epigastric vessels

lateral

Trophoblast cells that invade the lumen of spiral arteries

endovascular trophoblast

HPV proliferate in?

basal cell of endometrium

A Flashcards

(119 cards)