A+ Flashcards
(20 cards)
Laws of inheritance
Laws of dominance
Laws of segregation
Laws independent assortment
Standard modes of inheritance
Autosomal recessive - systic fibrosis.
Autosomal dominant-Huntington disease, neurofibroma disease
X linked recessive - hemophilia, collrblindness
X linked dominant-vitamin D resistance, Rett syndrome
Y linked - swyer syndrome
Mitochondrial inheritance - Leigh syndrome, leber optic atrophy
Genetic mutations
Hereditary mutations
Acquired /somatic mitations
Chromosomal aberrations
Numeric aberrations
Structural aberrations
Origins of DNA damaging factors
Exogenous - ionic radiation, uv radiation various chemical agent
Endogenous - hydrolysis, oxidation stress, alkylation
Major gene
1 Large and easily observable effect on specific trait
2 Trait is controlled by major gene
3 follows mendalian inheritance
Poly genes
1Traits are usually quantitative
2 continuous variation shows
Bt gene in agriculture
1 Bt gene we used for crops like Bt cotton and Bt corn
2 This gene make plant resistant to specific insect
3 This major gene improve crop yields. Benefiting farmers. The environment and food securing
PCR steps
Denaturation94 98
Annealing50 65
Elongation72
Pedigree analysis
The process of interpretation of information displaces as a family tree
Genome
A genome of an organism is the entire genetic complement of a living organism.
Allele
Different versions of same gene
Heterozygotes
Individual have 2 different copies
Phenotype
Physical expressions of genes
Cystic fibrosis analysis
1 DNA extraction
2 genetic testing
3 gel electrophoresis
4 report preparation
Laws of dominance
1Offspring always inhibit the dominance trait
2 offspring only inherit the dominant trait.
3 dominant allele expressed
4recessive allele suppressed
Law of segregation
During the production of gametes, 2 copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring require one factor from each parent
Law of independent assortment
If there is more than one trait, this traits don’t influence each other
