A and P

Question 1

What is the Integumentary System?

Answer 1

-Name given to the skin and it’s appendages; the hair, nails and skinglands

Question 2

What is the function of Integumentary system?

Answer 2

Protects body, helps to regulate body temperature, synthesizes Vitamin D

Question 3

Structure of the skin?

Answer 3

• Epidermis : The superficial, thinner layer consisting of epithelial tissue
• Dermis: The deep, thicker layer consisting of vascular connective tissue

Question 4

Epidermis?

Answer 4

Outer layer

Question 5

Dermis?

Answer 5

Inner layer

Question 6

Epidermis Growth and repair turnover?

Answer 6

Regeneration time is the time required for epidermal cells to form in the stratum basale and migrate to the skin surface
-Approx 35 days

Question 7

Dermis?

Answer 7

Also called the true skin

Question 8

Functions of the skin?

Answer 8

1) Protection
2) Sensation
3) Flexibility
4) Immunity
5) Excretion
6) Vitamin D production

Question 9

Types of Bones?

Answer 9

• > Long bones
• > Short Bones
• > Flat bones
• > Irregular bones

Question 10

Bone Tissue?

Answer 10

Compact Bone
-> Dense, solid appearing tissue that make up the shafts of long bones

Spongy Bone
-> Spongy appearing tissue found at the ends of long bones which supports and protects bone marrow

Question 11

Osteoblasts (bone cells)

Answer 11

Build up bone

Question 12

Osteoclasts (bone cells)

Answer 12

Break down bone

Question 13

Bone Function

Answer 13

Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral Storage
Hematopoiesis

Question 14

Skeleton

Answer 14

Consists of bone, cartilage, and fibrous connective tissues (tendons and ligaments)

Question 15

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 15

• Supports the body
• Protects soft body parts
• Produces blood cells
• Stores minerals and fat
• Permits flexible body movement

Question 16

Classification of Bones

Answer 16

• Shape
  
  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Round bones
  • Irregular bones

Question 17

Classification of Bones

Answer 17

Location

- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton

Question 18

4 Cranial bones

Answer 18

Temporal Bone
Ocipital Bone
Frontal bone
Nasal bone

Question 19

The Rib Cage

Answer 19

True Ribs
-> Upper 7 pairs

False Ribs
-> Next 3 pairs

Floating Ribs
-> Bottome 2 pairs

Question 20

Bone Fractures?

Answer 20

A fracture is defined as a partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone.

Question 21

Types of Fractures

Answer 21

• Impacted
• Complete
• Incomplete
• Dentate
• Comminuted
• Avulsion
• Linear
• Transverse
• Oblique
• Spiral
• Hairline

Question 22

Fracture Healing?

Answer 22

1) Fracture tears blood vessels and initiates repair.
2) A fracture hematoma (blood clot) occurs after fracture
3) Blood clot replaced by a callus
4) Remodelling completes repair

Question 23

Joints

Answer 23

Point of contact between bones

Question 24

Classification of Joints

Answer 24

Fibrous Joints
-> Immovable

Cartilaginous
-> Slightly movable

Synovial Joints
-> Two bones separated by a cavity

Question 25

Synovial Joints

Answer 25

- Joint capsule - Synovial membrane - Articular cartilage - Joint cavity - Menisci - Ligaments - Bursae

Question 26

Synovial Joint Motions

Answer 26

``` Flexion -> Forearm towards arm Extension -> Forearm away from the arm Abduction ->Arms sideways,away from body Adduction ->Arms back to body Rotation -> Head to answer "no" ```

Question 27

Skeletal Muscle Structure

Answer 27

Attachment of muscles Origin - The point of attachment that does not move when muscle contracts Insertion - The point of attachment that moves when muscle contracts

Question 28

Muscle Actions

Answer 28

Prime movers - Muscles or group of muscles that directly perform a specific movement Antagonists - Muscles that when contracting, directly oppose the prime movers Synergists -Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime movers.

Question 29

Naming Muscles

Answer 29

- Location - Function - Shape - Direction of fibers - Points of attachment

Question 30

General Functions of Muscular System

Answer 30

- Movement of the body as a whole or of it's parts - Heat Production - Maintaining posture

Question 31

3 Front Major Skeletal Muscles

Answer 31

Frontalis -Wrinkles forehead and lifts eyebrows Rectus Abdominus -Flexes Spine Masseter -Closes jaw

Question 32

3 Rear Major Skeletal Muscles

Answer 32

Occipitalis -Moves scalp backwards Gluteus Maximus -Extends thighs Deltoids -Abducts and raises arms at shoulder joints

Question 33

Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Answer 33

Each fiber is a single cell

Question 34

Myofilaments

Answer 34

Myosin ->Thick filaments Actin ->Thin filaments

Question 35

Primary Energy

Answer 35

ATP

Question 36

Secondary Energy

Answer 36

CP

Question 37

Muscle Contraction (Actin & Myosin Function)

Answer 37

1) Calcium Activates Actin 2) Coupled with ATP, the myosin head binds, bends, pulls and releases 3) Repeats

Question 38

Muscles

Answer 38

Muscles are composed of bundles of muscle fibers that are held together by fibrous connective tissue

Question 39

Motor Units

Answer 39

A motor unit is a motor neuron plus the muscle fibers to which it attaches

Question 40

Recruitment (Motor units)

Answer 40

More motor units are activated as the intensity of stimulus increases.