A-C2

Question 1

a laboratory technique that involves the removal of antibodies by the use of a specific antigen (i.e., red blood cell surface antigen)

Answer 1

Absorption

Question 2

the proximity or closeness of a value to the true value

Answer 2

Accuracy

Question 3

incurred due to external factors and is not inherited

Answer 3

Acquired

Question 4

normal serum constituents that increase or decrease in the presence of an infection, injury, or trauma to tissues; associated with inflammatory reactions

Answer 4

Acute-phase proteins

Question 5

a substance added to vaccines to potentiate or enhance the immune response of the recipient; examples include alum and Freund’s adjuvant

Answer 5

Adjuvant

Question 6

the key enzyme in the glycolytic cycle of Plasmodium parasite.

Answer 6

Aldolase

Question 7

a process of attachment of one substance to the surface of another

Answer 7

Adsorption

Question 8

attachment of an antibody to a specific antigen receptor on a cell surface

Answer 8

Adsorption

Question 9

binding strength between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and its complementary site (paratope) in the Fab region of the antibody

Answer 9

Affinity

Question 10

absence of all immunoglobulins in serum

Answer 10

Agammaglobulinemia

Question 11

aggregation or clumping o cellular or particulate antigens to their corresponding antisera containing antibodies

Answer 11

Agglutination

Question 12

an antibody capable of causing agglutination with multivalent surface antigens

Answer 12

Agglutinin

Question 13

Agglutinin usually belongs to what antibody class?

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

a particulate or cellular antigen involved in agglutination or aggregation

Answer 14

Agglutinogen

Question 15

an enzyme that liberates inorganic phosphates from phosphate esters

Answer 15

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 16

used as an indicator label in immunoassays

Answer 16

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 17

an alternative forms) of a gene at a particular locus or specific position on a chromosome

Answer 17

Allele

Question 18

an antigen that triggers an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 18

Allergen

Question 19

an adjuvant commonly added to human vaccines

Answer 19

Alum

Question 20

an anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the presence of complement

Answer 20

Amboceptor

Question 21

a rapid rise in the immunoglobulin concentration following subsequent exposure to an antigen

Answer 21

Anamnestic response

Question 22

also known as a secondary immune response or booster response

Answer 22

Anamnestic response -

Question 23

an immunoglobulin (Ig) formed in response to an antigen

Answer 23

Antibody

Question 24

highest dilution factor of a sample that still results in a visible reaction (i.e., agglutination)

Answer 24

Antibody titer

Question 25

any substance that, when introduced into the body, stimulates antibody production

Answer 25

Antigen

Question 26

union of an antibody with its homologous antigen

Answer 26

Antigen-antibody complex

Question 27

accessory cells present in tissues that process antigens and display fragments on the cell surface in association with a Class Il major histocompatibility complex molecules; examples include dendritic cells and macrophages

Answer 27

Antigen-presenting cells (APC)

Question 28

number of antigenic determinants on an antigen

Answer 28

Antigen valency

Question 29

a specific region of an antigen that is recognized by the B- or T-cell receptors

Answer 29

Antigenic determinant

Question 30

ability of a substance to react with immune products

Answer 30

Antigenicity

Question 31

an autoimmune antibody directed against a nuclear component;

Answer 31

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

Question 32

Antinuclear antibody (ANA): usually seen in patients with?

Answer 32

systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 33

an antibody produced against streptolysin O, a hemolysin produced by group A Streptococcus

Answer 33

Antistreptolysin O (ASO)

Question 34

suppressor and cytototoxic T-cells capable of recognizing and killing B-cells infected by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 34

Atypical lymphocytes

Question 35

also known as reactive lymphocytes

Answer 35

Atypical lymphocytes

Question 36

former name of the hepatitis B surface antigen

Answer 36

Australia antigen

Question 37

the condition in which an immune response is initiated by "self" antigens

Answer 37

Autoimmunity

Question 38

the sum total binding strength between an antigen and an antibody

Answer 38

Avidity

Question 39

a lymphocyte that originated from the bone marrow; cells of the adaptive immune response that possess surface antibodies that are specific to an epitope

Answer 39

B-cell

Question 40

a protein not normally present in human blood but is present in a wide variety of inflammatory reactions

Answer 40

C-reactive protein

Question 41

characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide component of pneumococci

Answer 41

C-reactive protein

Question 42

a substance composed of fresh beef heart extract combined with lecithin and cholesterol

Answer 42

Cardiolipin

Question 43

immunity that is dependent on T-cells and phagocytic cells

Answer 43

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 44

the movement of cells such as neutrophils toward a stimulus

Answer 44

Chemotaxis

Question 45

cell surface markers that are employed for immunophenotyping cells particularly lymphocytes; also known as cluster of differentiation

Answer 45

Cluster of designation (CD)

Question 46

agglutinins that belong to the IgM class and are active at 4°C but not at 37°C

Answer 46

Cold agglutinins

Question 47

a humoral mechanism of non-specific immune responses of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in cell lysis

Answer 47

Complement

Question 48

Complement: formerly known as?

Answer 48

alexin

Question 49

Complement: 3 pathways

Answer 49

classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin

Question 50

the process of binding of complement in a reaction with an antigen and antibody

Answer 50

Complement fixation

Question 51

a substance that is similar to the patient sample that is used to monitor the precision of analytical tests

Answer 51

Control

Question 52

a protein molecule secreted by leukocytes that regulate immune response

Answer 52

Cytokine