a geographic area where organisms, weather, and landscape, work together to form a

Question 1

• a geographic area where organisms, weather, and
landscape, work together to form a

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Bubble of life

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Ecosystem is…
• a system consisting of

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biotic and abiotic

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the fundamental unit of nature

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Ecosystem

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the community plus the environment

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Ecosystem

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οἶκος” (“oîkos”) meaning

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house

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“σύστημα” (“sústēma”) meaning

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organized body

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The term was coined in the early 1930s by the botanist

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Roy Clapham

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a British Ecologist, first introduced the concept in his
paper entitled “The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts

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Arthur Tansley,

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Types of Ecosystem

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Terrestrial
Ecosystem

FreshwaterEcosystem

Marine
Ecosystem

ArtificialEcosystem

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Ecosystem that occurs on land

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Terrestrial Ecosystem

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consists of various plants, particularly trees and also animals
that are teeming in a forest. They help maintain the earth’s temperature. They are
also a major carbon sink

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Forest ecosystem

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typically found in tropical or temperate regions. They are
dominated by grasses. As such, the animals commonly found in this type of ecosystem
are grazing animals, such as cattle, goats, and deer

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Grassland ecosystem

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characterized as being treeless and snow-covered. The ice
that covers the land is important in regulating the earth’s temperature. It also serves
as a water reservoir

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Tundra ecosystem

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occurs in desert habitats. Deserts are typically arid and windy,
contains sand dunes, others, mostly rock. Organisms in the desert possess adaptations
that make them suited to their environment. Plants that are commonly found in the desert
are CAM plants, such as cacti. Desert animals include insects, reptiles, and birds

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Desert ecosystem

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Aquatic ecosystems that do not contain saltwater

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Freshwater Ecosystem

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ecosystems in still waters

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Lentic ecosystem

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when ecosystem becomes very well established that different zones are
formed

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Zonation

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3 Types of Zones

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Littoral zone
Limnetic zone
Profundal zone

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2 types of Limnetic zone

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Photic zone
Benthic zone

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part that is near the shore. Here, light can penetrate up to the bottom.

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Littoral zone

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zone in which light does not completely penetrate through.

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Limnetic zone

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the part of the limnetic zone that is penetrated by light

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Photic zone

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the zone in which light cannot penetrate through

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Benthic zone

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located below the range of effective light penetration

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Profundal zone

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an aquatic ecosystem characterized by a freshwater habitat that is freely flowing

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Lotic ecosystem

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Aquatic ecosystem that contains saltwater and regarded as the most abundant type of ecosystem in the world

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Marine Ecosystem

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A man-made system, which can be further classified as terrestrial, freshwater, or marine

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Artificial Ecosystem

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Examples of Ecosystems

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Deciduous Forest Ecosystem 2. Savannah Ecosystem 3. Coral Reef Ecosystem 4. Hot spring Ecosystem 5. Micro-ecosystem

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dominated by trees that shed leaves seasonally and then regrow their leaves at the start of the new growing season

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Deciduous forest

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are a mix of woodland and grassland ecosystems

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Savannah

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an ecosystem created by reef-building corals

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Coral reef

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a spring with water temperatures that are higher relative to its surroundings

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Hot spring

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are ecosystems confined to small or tiny spaces and yet defined by specific environmental factors

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Micro-ecosystems

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Examples of Biotic

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Producers • Consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores) • Decomposers

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Examples of Abiotic

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Air • Soil •Sunlight • Water

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a component that includes all the living things

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Biotic

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2 major types of living things

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Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

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characterized by having membrane-bound organelles (such as a nucleus) inside their cells. Examples are plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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Ecosystem

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are those lacking membrane-bound organelles. Examples are bacteria and archaea

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Prokaryotes

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they are capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis. Examples are plants

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Producers

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they feed on the producers. Examples are animals

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Consumers

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3 Types of consumers

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Herbivores 2. Carnivores 3. Omnivores

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consumers that feed on plants.

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Herbivores

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consumers that feed on other meat

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Carnivores

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feed on both plant and meat

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Omnivores

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component that includes all the non-living things

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Abiotic

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components whose biological activity creates an impact in the ecosystem

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Biotic

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include the non-living things and the physical aspects of an ecosystem, such as climate, temperature, and pH

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Abiotic

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the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem

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Production

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the productivity of the autotrophs, such as plants

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Primary Production

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the productivity of the heterotrophs, such as animals.

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Secondary Production

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Energy from the sun is captured by the chloroplasts inside the cells of photoautotrophs. Inside the chloroplast, the light energy drives the conversion of inorganic substrates into energy reserves, like sugar molecules

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Primary Production

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is a biological process through which plants manufacture their own food with the aid of light from the sun and from inorganic sources (e.g. carbon dioxide and water)

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Photosynthesis

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By feeding on the plants, the energy flows from the producer to the consumer. Then, it flows from one consumer to the next. In the presence of oxygen, glucose is processed to synthesize chemical energy via cellular respiration. Energy stored in food molecules is released through a series of oxidation reactions. As the food molecule is fully oxidized, the final byproduct is carbon dioxide, which is released through exhalation in breathing animals

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Secondary Production

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Decomposers are the last group of organisms through which energy flows through. They consume the droppings and carcasses of all living things and releasing these elements for nutrient cycling, or for use by other living organisms

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Nutrient Cycling

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is the ecological process in which decomposers break down organic matters which are neither lost nor destroyed.

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Decomposition

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is a succession in which the new land is colonized for the first time

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Primary Succession

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is a succession in an area that was previously occupied by a community but was disturbed and replaced by recolonization

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Secondary Succession

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are hardy species that are the first to colonize barren environments or previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems

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Pioneer Species

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species that emerge due to changes in the environment brought on by the growth of grasses and forbs

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Intermediate Species

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is the “endpoint” or “equilibrium” of succession within the context of a particular climate and geography

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Climax community