a healthy diet Flashcards
all (17 cards)
What are nutrients?
A chemical which is needed by the body to keep it in good health.
Types of nutrients
Carbonhydrates
Fats and oil
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Fibre
Why does body need water?
The body needs water as it make around 70% of the body weight and supports the cells. it also carries dissolved materials and helps in controlling body temperature.
Carbonhydrates
used a store of energy in animals. There are many types of carbonhydates: starch,glucose and sucrose. starch is an energy store in plants and glucose is a chemical form of energy that ravels easily in the blood plasma to the cell of the body. plants make another carbonhydate called cellulose in which they make cell wall and forms a part called fibre. this word comes from two chemical elements carbon and hydrogen.
what does chocolate contain?
it contains a substance known was theobromine. deadly to dogs
fats
store of energy. two kinds: solid fat produced by animals and oil/ liquid fats produced by plants. fat is used as insulation to keep the bodies of animals warm. oils are enerhy stores in plants. food containing fat can leave translucent mark on paper and so can water but water evaporates but fat does not. fats are made up of carbon and hydrogen.
proteins
found in both animals and plants. form most of our body structure eg muscle and bone. also needed for growth and repairing damage eg illness or accident.made from elements carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen.
fibre
the cellulose in food is known as dietary fibre.found in wholemeal food, fruit and vegetables. cannot digest fibre but helps body to move along intestines. bacteria feeds on it and both add bulk to the food. helps the muscle of large intestines push the food along and it takes water like a sponge and makes undigested food which form soft faeces. if diet lcks fibre, may experience bowl problems eg constipation.
vitamins
vitamin a: helps see in dim light and making mucus for respiratory, digestive and excretory systems which protects against infection. increased resistance to disease. good sources: milk.liver and cod liver oil
vitamin c: helps prevent scurvy which can prevent bleeding gums and helps with damage to circulatory system. good sources: blackcurrent, orange,lemon,papaya,guava
vitamin d: prevents rickets in which bones become soft and leg bones many bend.good sources: egg yolk,butter,cod liver oil, pilchard, herring,sunlight
beriberi
beri beri is a disease where nervous system fails to work and the action of muscles become weak. all movements become difficult eg walking and the heart may stop. to prevent beriberi, vitamin B1 is needed as it keeps nerves healthy and prevent digestive disorders.
found in bread,milk,brown rice,soya bens and potatoes.
minerals
body needs 2o minerlas. two are for calcium and iron. calcium: needed to make strong bones and teeth,make your muscles work and helps blood to clot when u get a cut. Iron: needed by RBC to help them transport oxygen in the lungs and body cells. disease called anemia where he RBC dont get enough iron so person becomes weak and tired.
water
about 70% of body is made up of water. found in cells and it is where all chemical reactions take place to keep us alive.blood is mainly made up of water. liquid that transports all blood components. water is also used to cool down the body by the evaporation of sweat.
piece of euipment
called calorimeter is to find out how much energy is there in the food.
iodine
a mineral to repair its damaged cells, to control its growth and to release energy from food. if lacking in diet can cause swelling in neck called goitre changes in beating of heart and feeling of tiredness and diziness. iodine passes intro the roots of plants. to prevent this and improve health scientists gave people salt that contained iodine through a process called univeral salt iodination(USI).
malnurtrition
occurs when a diet provides too few or too many nutrients.
famine
lack of all foods, caused by crop failure, the lack of food affects health of humans especially the development of young people as they would develop much slowly then normal and their bodies will be smaller and less well-developed then people with healthy diet. aid workers give malnourished children powdered milk mixed with water. two forms: F75 AND F100 F75: prepares their body to digesting again. F100: conatins more proteins and energy. alternative to F100 called Plumpy’nut made from peanut paste, powdered milk, minerals,oil,sugar and vitamins.
Unimix
second food. made up of flour which made up of maize and soya bean to which powdered milk,minerals,oil,sugar, and vitamins and water is added to make a porridge.
