A/HI 240 EXAM 1

Question 1

What was this building called?

Answer 1

The Crystal Palace

Joseph Paxton, 1851

Question 2

What event was held in the Crystal Palace in 1851?

Answer 2

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations

Question 3

What is this building?

Answer 3

Wieskirche

(Weis Church)

Zimmermann, Bavaria

Question 4

What is this piece?

Answer 4

Portrait of Louis XIV

Hyacinthe Rigaud

Question 5

What is this piece?

Answer 5

The Gracious Shepherd

François Boucher

Question 6

What is this piece?

Answer 6

The Secret Meeting

From Jean Fragonard’s Progress of Love series

Question 7

What is this piece?

Answer 7

Saying Grace

Jean-Baptiste Chardin

Question 8

What is this piece?

Answer 8

Portrait of Madame de Pompadour

Maurice de La Tour

Question 9

What is this piece?

Answer 9

Caricature of La Font de Saint-Yenne

Claude-Henri Watelet

Question 10

What is this piece?

Answer 10

The Seller of Cupids

Joseph-Marie Vien

Question 11

What is this piece?

Answer 11

Parnassus

Anton Raphael Mengs

Question 12

What is this piece?

Answer 12

Zeuxis Selecting Models for his Painting of Helen of Troy

Angelica Kauffman

Question 13

What is this piece?

Answer 13

Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, Pointing to her Children as her Treasures

Angelica Kauffman

Question 14

What is this piece?

Answer 14

Portrait of Marie Antoinette

Louis Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun

Question 15

What is this piece?

Answer 15

Andromache Mourning Hector

Jacques-Louis David

Question 16

What is this piece?

Answer 16

Death of Marat

Jacques-Louis David

Question 17

What is this piece?

Answer 17

Oath of Haratii

Jacques-Louis David

Question 18

What is this piece?

Answer 18

Oath of the Tennis Court

Jacques-Louis David

Question 19

What is this piece?

Answer 19

Queen Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Scaffold

Jacques-Louis David

Question 20

What was significant about the crystal palace?

Answer 20

• Where the east and west first met?
• Nations came to show their culture to one another
• A architectural materials: glass and iron

Question 21

What are important details about this Portrait of Louis XIV by Riguad?

Answer 21

• Fleur de lili pattern symbolizes France = Louis XIV represents France
• Located in Hall of Mirrors in Palais de Versailles = Sun King
• Red shoes to show off legs, shows elitism

Question 22

What does the Gracious Shepherd by François Boucher symbolize?

Answer 22

• Escapist fantasy
• Birdcage being given symbolizes moving out of Versailles
• Lightheartedness associated with Rococo style

Question 23

What is notable about Wieskirche?

Answer 23

• Has a modest exterior, but exuberent interior
• An architectural piece with rare complexity for it’s time
• Classic example of Rococo architecture

Question 24

What art period is The Secret Meeting by Fragonard from?

Answer 24

The Rococo Period

Question 25

What is significant about Chardin's piece *Saving Grace*?

Answer 25

* Depicts quiet charm and subtlety * Limited narrative -- mother watching little boy say prayers

Question 26

What did La Tour's *Portrait of Madame de Pompadour* say about her?

Answer 26

* Shows she's associated with arts and education * Shows her worldly perspective

Question 27

What elements of Vien's *The* *Seller of Cupids* makes it obvious that it is a Neoclassical piece?

Answer 27

* Architecture * Clothing * Grid composition

Question 28

What art movement is Mengs' *Parnassus* from?

Answer 28

Neoclassical

Question 29

What is the story behind Kauffman's painting *Cornelia, Mother of Gracchi, Pointing to her Children as Treasures*?

Answer 29

A noblewoman came to Cornelia's home asking to see her treasures and Cornelia pointed to her sons who latr become important political figures. Represents putting the states above riches.

Question 30

What is the story behind David's *Oath of the Horatii*?

Answer 30

* Comissioned by Louis XVI to promote patriotism * Told story of battle between Rome and Alba -- sons had to go to war. * Popular story from 1600s * Represented the idea that if the sons had to devote themselves to their father, subjects should devote themselves to the kind * Ended up being the first painting of the revolution

Question 31

Why was David's *The Oath of the Tennis Court* never completed?

Answer 31

* Most models were dead or disgraced by the time painting started * It caused too much political tension

Question 32

What historical moment does David's *The Oath of the Tennis Court* illustrate?

Answer 32

* National Assembly locked out of planned meeting place on June 20th * Turned into Consititutional Assembly and vow not to leave the Tennis Court until a new constitution is drawn up

Question 33

David's drawing, *Queen Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Scaffold*, contrasts with what artists beautiful paintings of Marie Antoinette and illustrates her fall?

Answer 33

Vigée-Lebrun

Question 34

How is the term **modern** used?

Answer 34

Modern is used to portray history as a linear timeline with a past, present, and future

Question 35

When is the **modern** period?

Answer 35

from the Renaissance to the Present when record-keeping began

Question 36

What does **modernity** mean?

Answer 36

Modernity is a concept tied to the Industrial Revolution when cultural values begin to change.

Question 37

What shifts happened in **modernity**?

Answer 37

* Political * Technological * Trans/Cross-Cultural Exchange * Economic * Social and Cultural

Question 38

What was the POLITICAL shift of **modernity**?

Answer 38

A shift from feudal and monarchy run states to capitalism and a highly regulative, secretive state (police and government).

Question 39

What was the ECONOMIC shift of **modernity**?

Answer 39

A shift from artisan and guild production run houses to factory production and department stores.

Question 40

What was the TECHNOLOGICAL shift of **modernity**?

Answer 40

A shift from manual labor to machine labor.

Question 41

What was the CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGE shift of **modernity**?

Answer 41

Travel to foreign countries expand and colonialism rises.

Question 42

What was the SOCIAL and CULTURAL shift of **modernity**?

Answer 42

The rise of the metropolis and the development of urban leisure activities (music halls, cabarets, bars and shops).

Question 43

**Modernity** is tied to the philosophies of what time period?

Answer 43

The Enlightenment

Question 44

What were the three mandates of the French **Academy**?

Answer 44

1. To teach skills, history, theory, and aesthetics 2. To uphold and regulate artistic standards 3. To uplift cultural attitudes toward the arts

Question 45

What was a **Salon**?

Answer 45

An event that occured every two years where Academy students would show their art to get commissions.

Question 46

What was the **Prix de Rome**?

Answer 46

The prize that an Academy student would win at the Salon. 2-3 year long trip to Rome to study art.

Question 47

What does **revival** refer to in relation to the Enlightenment?

Answer 47

The revival of Greek and Roman philosophies with a modern emphasis on the power of direct observation.

Question 48

How did the **guild** system work?

Answer 48

Aspiring artists or craftsmen apprenticed at a guild to learn a trade from the bottom up. Does not teach theory or history, just how to do it.

Question 49

What are the three levels of the **guild** system?

Answer 49

Apprentice, Journeyman, Master

Question 50

Which artistic movement is noted as being a vehicle for the Enlightenment?

Answer 50

**Neoclassism** Especially relating to ideas of rationalism and reason

Question 51

What quote became the central idea of the Enlightenment?

Answer 51

"I think, therefore I am"

Question 52

Which Enlightenment philosopher coined the quote "I think, therefore I am"

Answer 52

Rene Descartes

Question 53

What great minds are central to the Enlightenment?

Answer 53

Voltaire Jean d’Alembert Denis Diderot Jean-Jacques Rousseau Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin Immanuel Kant

Question 54

What three types of groups were a part of the Estates General?

Answer 54

* Clergy * Nobility * Third Estate (Commoners)

Question 55

What did the Estates General change their name to on June 17th, 1789?

Answer 55

The National Assembly

Question 56

What did the National Assembly change their name to when they were writing the new consititution?

Answer 56

The Constitutional Assembly

Question 57

When was the storming of Bastille which is now a French National Holiday?

Answer 57

July 14th, 1789

Question 58

What was Madame Tussaud's claim to fame?

Answer 58

Artist who made wax death masks of almost everyone who was sent to death on the guillotines

Question 59

Who killed Marat?

Answer 59

Charlotte Corday

Question 60

How can the element of space be shown in art?

Answer 60

* Overlapping objects * Relative size * Linear perspective * Atmospheric perspective