A. introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is a hydrocarbon
a compound that only consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms
What is a general formula
a formula that represent a homologous series using letters and numbers
What is a structural formula
formula that shows how atoms are bonded to each carbon atom in a molecule
What is a displayed formula
2D representation of an organic molecule, showing all of its atoms and bonds
What is a skeletal formula
simplified displayed formula showing only carbon-carbon bonds and any functional groups
What is a homologous series
a group of organic compounds that have
- the same functional group
the same general formula
- similar chemical properties
What is a functional group
a specific group of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical properties and reactivity
What is an aromatic compound
compound that contains alternating double and single bonds
e.g. benzene
What is an aliphatic compound
a compound that is not aromatic
What is a saturated compound
contains no carbon-carbon double bonds
What is an addition reaction
two or more molecules combine to give a single product
What is a substitution reaction
involves replacing an atom or group of atoms by another
What is an elimination reaction
small molecule such as water or HCl is removed from an organic molecule
What is a hydrolysis reaction
compound is broken down by the addition of a molecule of water
What is a polymerisation reaction
monomers are joint together to form polymers
What is an oxidation reaction
when a substance loses electrons, resulting in an increase in oxidation state
What is a reduction reaction
the gain in electrons by a chemical species, which results in a decrease in oxidation number
What are the two main types of isomerism
1) structural isomerism
2) stereoisomerism
Give three types of structural isomer
1) chain isomer
2) functional group isomer
3) positional isomer
What is a chain isomer
changed carbon chains
e.g. one may have branching etc
What is a functional group isomer
same molecular formula but different functional groups
e.g. alkene and cycloalkane
What is a positional isomer
the carbon chains and attached atoms are the same
- functional group is attached to a different carbon
