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First Trimester > A&P 1 - Ch 1 > Flashcards

A&P 1 - Ch 1 Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Orientation to the Human Body

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of the body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of how the body functions

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3
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of the processes that disturb normal function

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4
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front of the body

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5
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the point of origin

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6
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Located at the back of the body; contains the cranial and spinal cavaties

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7
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions

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8
Q

Homeostasis

A

The state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body

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9
Q

Inferior

A

Beneath or lower

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10
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the body’s midline

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11
Q

Medial

A

Toward the body’s midline

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12
Q

Negative Feedback

A

When the effector opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change

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13
Q

Organ

A

Structures of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function

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14
Q

Organelle

A

Metabolic units (or tiny organs) within a cell that perform a specific function necessary to the life of the cell

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15
Q

Positive Feedback

A

When the effector reinforces the stimulus and amplifies the direction of change

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16
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back of the body

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17
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to the point of origin

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18
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into right and left sides

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19
Q

Superficial

A

At or near the body’s surface

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20
Q

Superior

A

Situated above something else

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21
Q

Tissue

A

Specialized groups of cells with similar structure and function

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22
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

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23
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Located at the front of the body; consists of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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24
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covers or lines body surfaces

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25
Connective Tissue
Connects and supports parts of the body; some transport and store materials
26
Muscle Tissue
Contracts to produce movement
27
Nerve Tissue
Generates and transmits impulses to regulate body function
28
Organ Systems
The human body consists of 11 organ systems
29
Integumentary System
Consists of skin, hair, and nails Key Functions: -Protection -Temperature Regulation -Water Retention -Sensation
30
Skeletal System
Consists of bones, cartilage, and ligaments Key Functions: -Protection of body organs -Support -Movement -Blood Formation
31
Muscular System
Consists primarily of skeletal muscles Key Functions: -Movement -Posture -Heat Production
32
Lymphatic System
Consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, spleen, and tonsils Key Functions: -Role in fluid balance -Production of immune cells - Defense against disease
33
Respiratory System
Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs Key Functions: -Absorption of oxygen -Discharge of carbon dioxide -Acid-base balance -Speech
34
Urinary System
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra Key Functions: -Excretion of wastes -Regulation of blood volume and pressure - Control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
35
Nervous System
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs Key Functions: -Control, regulation, and coordination of other systems -Sensation -Memory
36
Endocrine System
Consists of the pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids, and other organs Key Functions: -Hormone production -Control and regulation of other systems
37
Circulatory System
Consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries Key Functions: -Distribution of oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells, and antibodies -Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
38
Digestive System
Consists of the stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, and pancreas Key Functions: -Breakdown and absorption of nutrients -Elimination of wastes
39
Male Reproductive System
Consists of the testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis Key Functions: -Production and delivery of sperm -Secretion of sex hormones
40
Female Reproductive System
Consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts Key Functions: -Production of eggs -Site of fertilization and fetal development -Birth -Lactation -Secretion of sex hormones
41
Deep
Away from the body's surface
42
Frontal
Forehead
43
Nasal
Nose
44
Oral
Mouth
45
Deltoid
Shoulder
46
Axillary
Armpit
47
Brachial
Arm
48
Antecubital
Front of elbow
49
Antebrachial
Forearm
50
Carpal
Wrist
51
Palmar
Palm
52
Digital
Fingers
53
Femoral
Thigh
54
Patellar
Knee
55
Tarsal
Ankle
56
Pedal
Foot
57
Cephalic
Head
58
Orbital
Eye
59
Buccal
Cheek
60
Cervical
Neck
61
Sternal
Sternum
62
Pectoral
Chest
63
Mammary
Breast
64
Thoracic
Includes: -Sternal -Pectoral -Mammary
65
Abdominal
Abdomen
66
Pelvic
Groin area
67
Inguinal
Groin area
68
Pubic
Groin area
69
Cranial
Surrounding the brain
70
Otic
Ear
71
Occipital
Back of head
72
Scapular
Shoulder Blades
73
Vertebral Column
Spine
74
Lumbar
Lower back
75
Sacral
Tailbone
76
Gluteal
Buttock
77
Perineal
Butt hole area
78
Popliteal
Back of knee
79
Calcaneal
Heel
80
Plantar
Sole of feet
81
Right Hypochondriac Region
Consists of: -Liver -Gallbladder -Right Kidney
82
Epigastric Reigion
Consists of: -Stomach -Liver -Pancreas -R and L Kidneys
83
Left Hypochondriac Region
Consists of: -Stomach -Liver (tip) -Left Kidney -Spleen
84
Right Lumbar Region
Consists of: -Liver (tip) -Small Intestines -Ascending Colon -Right Kidney
85
Umbilical Region
Consists of: -Stomach -Pancreas -Small Intestines -Transverse Colon
86
Left Lumbar Region
Consists of: -Small Intestines -Descending Colon -Left Kidney
87
Right Iliac Region
Consists of: -Small intestines -Appendix -Cecum and ascending colon
88
Hypogastric Region
Consists of: -Small Intestines -Sigmoid Colon -Bladder
89
Left Iliac Region
Consists of: -Small Intestines -Descending Colon -Sigmoid Colon
90
RUQ
Right Upper Quadrant
91
RLQ
Right Lower Quadrant
92
LUQ
Left Upper Quadrant
93
LLQ
Left Lower Quadrant
94
Homeostatis
When the body functions in constant internal balance despite external conditions.
95
Dynamic Equilibrium
Homeostasis
96
Set Point
Range of normal for body's temperature, fluids, and chemicals
97

First Trimester (15 decks)

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