A&P Flashcards
1
Q
Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
A
Ureter
2
Q
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A
Nephron
3
Q
The specialized junction from which nerve impulses pass from one neuron to the next it called a
A
Synapse
4
Q
What is the function of luteinizing hormone in males?
A
It stimulates the production of testerone in males.
5
Q
What is the function of luteinizing hormone in females?
A
It stimulates ovulation
6
Q
What is the function of the neutrophil?
A
Phagocytosis of bacteria
7
Q
Which part of the digestive system is bolus formed?
A
The oral cavity
8
Q
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorption of nutrients?
A
Small intestines
9
Q
Adduction is?
A
towards the midline
10
Q
What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?
A
Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin
11
Q
Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision?
A
Cones
12
Q
Which is the most abundant nervous tissue?
A
Neuroglia
13
Q
The pancreas produces?
A
Glucagon and Insulin
14
Q
The adrenal cortex produces?
A
Cortisol and Aldosterone
15
Q
The gonads produces
A
Estrogen and Testosterone
16
Q
The tibia is _____ to the femur
A
distal (further from trunk/point of origin)
17
Q
Which means the same as anterior?
A
Ventral
18
Q
Which is the most proximal bone of the upper limbs?
A
humerus
19
Q
Which is anterior to the rib cage?
A
Breast
20
Q
A _____ is a group of tissues working together to perform a similar function
A
Organ
21
Q
Which of the following organelles are responsible for lipid synthesis?
A
Smooth ER
22
Q
Ribosomes are synthesized in the
A
Nucleous
23
Q
Mitochondria is to energy production as Ribosome is to
A
Protein synthesis
24
Q
What kind of tissue lines the cavities and covers the body?
A
epithelial tissue
25
What is the function of excitable nervous tissue?
It responds to stimulus by initiating an impulse
26
Which tissue binds structures in the body together?
Connective tissue
27
Which tissues store nutrients?
Connective tissue
28
Protection is the primary function of the ______ epithelium
Stratified squamous
29
Which tissue has chondrocytes in nests with surrounding solid matrix?
Hyaline cartilage
30
Are blood vessels found in the epidermis?
No
31
Which layer of skin contains a high number of blood vessels, as well as elastic and collagen fibers?
The Dermis
32
Are langerhan cells found in the dermis layer?
No
33
What are the functions of the epidermis?
Physical barrier, Biological barrier and waterproofing
34
What is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?
Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum
35
Which layer of epidermis contains flattened polygonal cells?
Stratum granulosum
36
Which part of the skin contains melanocytes?
Stratum germinativum
37
What connects the skin to the superficial muscles?
Hypodermis
38
Apocrine sweat glands become active?
during puberty
39
What is the function of the ceruminous gland?
To protect the outer ear
40
Sebaceous glands are absent in the
Palms
41
What are the functions for the skeletal system?
Protection, Support, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Storage, Detoxification
42
Is this matched correctly:
Cartilage- Connective tissue found between bones in a joint
Yes
43
________ is a connective tissue that joins two bones
Ligament
44
Vertebra is an example of an
irregular bone
45
Describe spongy bone
A meshwork of plates that contains lamellae and osteocytes between each layer
46
Describe the epiphysis
Extremity of a long bone
47
Osteocytes are
Inactive mature bone cells
48
Is the scapula part of the axial skeleton?
No
49
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
The skull, vertebrae, and trunk
50
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Bones of the arms, legs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle
51
What is the correct order of vertebrae from superior to inferior?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
52
How many vertebrae make up the cervical vertebrae?
7
53
The part of the neuron that receives impulses is called
Dendrite
54
Is this term and function matched correctly:
Cerebellum - Coordination
Yes
55
Which neuron conveys impulses from the central nervous system?
Motor neuron
56
An impulse from the central nervous system transmitted via motor neurons is
Somatic Motor
57
What neurons are found in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?
Sensory neurons
58
What are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?
Conveying motor impulses to the skeletal muscle.
Conveying sensory impulses to the central nervous system.
59
What does the central nervous system consist of?
The brain and spinal cord
60
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nerves and ganglia.
61
Describe a simple spinal reflex?
Stimulus-impulse in sensory neuron-spinal cord-motor neuron-action
62
The central part of the retina with high visual acuity (sharpness) is called the
Macula
63
Describe the retina
The inner layer of the eye which generates nerve impulses
64
Which structure has the highest visual acuity?
Fovea
65
Is this pair correct;
Aqueous humor: supplies nutrients to the retina
No
66
What is the sequence that describes how light rays from an object get to the retina?
CAPLVR
Cornea - Aqueous humor - Pupil - Lens - Vitreous humor - Retina
67
What is the sequence that shows how visual impulses move from the retina to the brain where they are interpreted?
Retina - Optic nerve - Optic chiasm - Optic tract - Thalamus - Optic radiations - Cerebral cortex
68
Are the auditory ossicles found in the inner ear (bony labyrinth)?
NO
69
Which structure in the ear is most sensitive to horizontal movement?
Utricle
70
Which structure generates auditory nerve impulses recognized by the brain?
Organ of Corti
71
Which structure is responsible for equalizing ear pressure?
Eustachian tube
72
The cristae ampullaris is found in the
Semicircular canal
73
What is the sequence that describes the passage of sound waves?
Auricle - external auditory canal - Tympanic membrane - Malleus - Incus - Stapes - Oval window - Organ of Corti - Brain
74
Light enters the eye through which structure?
Cornea
75
Which of the following amplify sound waves?
Stapes
76
What are the functions of the muscular system?
Movement, Posture and Thermoregulation
77
What type of muscles have striated muscle fibers that join at the intercalated disc?
Cardiac muscle
78
Muscles attach to bones through a
tendon
79
The rod-like structure that makes up muscle fibers is called
Myofibrils
80
The functional unit of the myofibril is called
Sarcomere
81
What are the parts of the thin myofilament?
Troponin, Actin, and Tropomyosin
82
During muscle contraction, calcium molecules are released from
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
83
Contraction occurs because of cross bridges between myosin and
Actin
84
Describe the process of muscle contraction
Action potential - Release of calcium - Calcium binding to inhibitory proteins - Cross bridges between actin and myosin - filament use energy from ATP to slide together - Contraction
85
What are synergist muscles?
Muscles that produce similar movement as the primary mover.
86
Describe an endocrine hormone
Chemical messengers that act on distant tissues
87
Describe negative feedback control of the endocrine system
Production of a hormone feeds back to decrease its own production
88
Which hormone acts on membrane receptors?
Insulin
89
Which hormones are Lipophilic and act on intracellular receptors?
Steroid hormones
90
Is this match correct:
Growth hormone - Skeletal growth
Yes
91
Antidiuretic hormone is released from the _____ and acts on the _______.
Posterior pituitary, Kidneys
92
Which hormone plays a role in calcium metabolism?
Parathyroid hormone
93
What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?
Growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin
94
Which hormone controls the hypothalamus by positive feedback?
Oxytocin
95
WHich systems are primarily responsible for homeostasis?
ENdocrine and NErvous system
96
Describe the ventricular systole
Ventricular contraction
97
Sam has a blood pressure of 120/80mmHg. 80 represents the
pressure in the arteries during diastole
98
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the capillaries is called
External respiration
99
Which part of the brain regulates respiration?
Medulla
100
Hemoglobin releases oxygen when there is
low pH
101
Most carbon dioxide in the body is in the form of
Bicarbonate ion
102
List the layers of the digestive system from outer layer to the inner layer
Adventitia - Muscularis - Submucosa - Mucosa
103
Chyme is produces in the
Stomach
104
WHich structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
105
The urethra conveys urine from the
bladder to the exterior
106
Describe the glomerulus
A tuft of capillaries across which filtration of blood occurs in the nephron
107
What occurs in the convoluted tubules?
Diffusion, Secretion, Reabsorption
108
The cup-like structure which contains the glomerulus is called
Bowman's capsule
109
The glomerulus receives blood from the
Renal artery
110
Which part of the nephron creates the concentration gradient found in the kidney?
Loop of Henle
111
There are 3 points of ureteric constrictions, and
They are potential sites of ureteral stones
112
Where is most of the sodium reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
113
Where is most of the glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
114
WHere is most of the water reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
115
Describe the transportation of glomerular filtrate sequence
Bowman's capsule - proximal convoluted tubule - loop of Henle - distal convoluted tubule - collecting duct - renal pelvis - ureter
116
Is this match correct:
Ovary - production of estrogen
Yes
117
Which would help in getting rid of a roundworm infestation?
Eosinophil
118
Which wbc has a horse shoe-shaped nucleus?
Macrophage
119
What are the functions of macrophages?
Phagocytosis, ANtigen presentation, and production of cytokines
120
Is this pair correct?
T lymphocyte - kills infected cells
121
What is red blood cells function
production of platelets
122
WHat bones form via intramembranous ossification?
The flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and clavicles
123
A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or torn?
Ligament
124
Which organ is part of the male reproductive system and also part of the urinary system?
Urethra
125
Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body?
Connective tissue
126
What part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information?
Temporal lobe
127
WHich type of connection do ligaments create?
bone to bone
128
What important minerals are stored within the skeletal system?
Calcium and phosphorous
129
The elbow is what type of joint?
Hinge
130
WHat is the function of the sebaceous glands?
to secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
131
What describes the distal region of the humerus?
The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna.
132
Which organelle is responsible for digesting damages cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?
Lysosomes
133
Which part of the eye allows us to see color?
Retina
134
Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?
Stratum germinativum
135
The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?
Organ system
136
Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process?
Evaporation
137
Which structure functions in directing sound waves into the ear?
Auricle
138
The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called
Adenohypophysis
139
WHat is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
140
The sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis?
PCT - Loop of Henle - DCT - Collecting duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal pelvis
141
What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?
Connective
142
Which salivary glands primarily contribute to the production and secretion of saliva?
Submandibular glands
143
Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils?
Nasopharynx
144
Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries
145
Which glands release an oily secretion through hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying?
Sebaceous glands
146
What type of cell division occours in the gonads?
Meiosis
147
What exocrine gland produces sweat on the epidermal surface?
Eccrine
148
The ______ artery is located in the upper arm, and is a continuation of the ____ artery.
brachial; axillary
149
Stratum basale and stratum spinosum are included in which layer of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum
