A&P 2 Unit 11 [Part 2] (Lab) [Muscles Part 2] Flashcards
1
Q
2Which two bones articulate at the shoulder joint?
A
Scapula & Humerus
2
Q
Muscles that move the arm insert on the _____?
A
Humerus
3
Q
Does the shoulder joint have more or less range of motion (ROM) than the elbow joint?
A
More ROM
4
Q
Is the shoulder joint more or less stable than the elbow joint?
A
Less stable
5
Q
What is the relationship between ROM and Stability?
A
ROM and stability are a “trade-off” at a joint. The greater a joint’s ROM, the less its stability. The more stable a joint, the less ROM it exhibits.
6
Q
What happens during shoulder abduction?
A
During shoulder abduction, the greater tubercle of the humerus must avoid hitting the acromion process of the scapula. During internal rotation, the greater tubercle is brought near the acromion during abduction, limiting your comfort and ROM.
7
Q
*Deltoid
A
- Superficial muscle, covering the shoulder joint on 3 sides
- Functionally divided into Anterior Deltoid, Middle Deltoid, Posterior Deltoid
- Runs from clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine to humerus
- All 3 portions can perform shoulder abduction
8
Q
*Anterior Deltoid (Actions)
A
- Flexion
- Internal Rotation
- Horizontal Adduction
9
Q
*Posterior Deltoid (Actions)
A
- Extension
- Hyperextension
- External Rotation
- Horizontal Abduction
10
Q
*Middle Deltoid (Actions)
A
- Abduction
11
Q
*
A
Deltoid
12
Q
Supraspinatus
A
- Runs from supraspinous fossa of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
13
Q
Supraspinatus (Actions)
A
- Abduction
14
Q
A
Supraspinatus
15
Q
*Pectoralis major
A
- Large, superficial chest muscle, running from clavicle, sternum, and rib cartilages to greater tubercle of humerus
16
Q
*Pectoralis major (Actions)
A
- Flexion
- Adduction
- Internal Rotation
- Horizontal Adduction
17
Q
*
A
Pectoralis major
18
Q
*Latissimus Dorsi
A
- Broad, posterior muscle; expansive origin
- Wraps around the medial aspect of the humerus, inserting on its anterior surface
19
Q
*Latissimus Dorsi (Actions)
A
- Extension
- Hyperextension
- Adduction
- Internal Rotation
- Horizontal Abduction
20
Q
*
A
Latissimus Dorsi
21
Q
Teres Major
A
- The “little brother” of latissimus dorsi
- Does everything its big brother can do, except it cannot help hyperextend
- Smaller and less powerful than its big brother
22
Q
Teres Major (Actions)
A
- Shoulder extension
- Shoulder adduction
- Shoulder internal rotation
- Shoulder horizontal abduction
23
Q
A
Teres Major
24
Q
Infraspinatus & Teres Minor
A
- Partners together- very similar in location & function
- Run from infraspinous fossa of scapula to humerus
25
Infraspinatus & Teres Minor (Actions)
* External Rotation
* Horizontal Abduction
26
Infraspinatus
27
Teres Minor
28
Subscapularis
* Runs from subscapular fossa of scapula (against ribcage) to humerus
29
Subscapularis (Action)
Internal Rotation
30
Subscapularis
31
Coracobrachialis
* Runs nearly vertically from coracoid process of scapula to medial shaft of humerus
* Stabilizes the shoulder joint by "snugging" the head of the humerus against glenoid fossa (adduction)
32
Coracobrachialis
33
Rotator Cuff
* "SITS"
* The totator cuff is a tendinous band formed by the insertions of 4 shoulder muscles on the humerus. Together, they envelop the shoulder joint.
* These muscles work hard during any movements involving shoulder abduction, keeping the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa, essentially preventing shoulder dislocation.
34
First S (S.I.T.S.)
Supraspinatus
35
I (S.I.T.S.)
Infraspinatus
36
T (S.I.T.S.)
Teres Minor
37
Last S (S.I.T.S.)
Subscapularis
38
Impingement Syndrome
Compression of soft tissues, such as the rotator cuff muscles, against the acromial arch; results from overuse, especially hyperextension, abduction
39
Torn Rotator Cuff
Tears of any tendinous insertion(s) of SITS from the humerus
40
Glenohumeral Subluxation
A partial dislocation of the shoulder joint, commonly seen in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Shoulder paralysis leaves them unable to hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa against gravity & the weight of the arm.
41
Swooping a spoonful of soup and bringing it to your mouth. (Elbow)
Flexion
42
Swooping a spoonful of soup and bringing it to your mouth. (Forearm)
Supination
43
Elbow "Straightened", turning a knob counterclockwise with right hand (Forearm)
Pronation
44
Turning a knob counterclockwise with yout left hand. (Forearm)
Supination
45
Muscles that pronate or supinate the forearm INSERT on the ______ (bone)
Radius
46
Which forearm bone is rotating at the radioulnar joint during pronation & supination?
Radius
47
Conclusion about gender differences in the carrying angle.
Women have a larger carrying angle
48
What is the advantage of the carrying angle during walking?
To not hit the hips
49
Carrying Angle
A small angle between the longitudinal axes of the humerus & forearm in anatomical position, with elbow fully extended.
50
Brachialis
Elbow Flexion
51
Behind Long Muscle
Brachialis
52
\*Biceps Brachii
* Elbow Flexion
* Forearm Supination
53
\*
Biceps Brachii
54
\*Triceps Brachii
Elbow Extension
55
\*
Triceps Brachii
56
Brachioradialis
Elbow Flexion
57
Brachioradialis
58
The muscles that flex the elbow, wrist, & fingers are located along the ____ surface of the upper limb.
Anterior
59
The muscle that extend the elbow, wrist, & fingers are located along the ____ surface of the upper limb.
Posterior
60
Which other joint structurally & functionally resembles the hip?
Shoulder
61
Comparing the hip & shoulder, which has more ROM?
Shoulder
62
Comparing the hip & shoulder, which is more stable?
Hip
63
Hip flexors are located along the ____ surface of the thigh.
Anterior
64
Hip extensors are located along the ____ surface of the thigh.
Posterior
65
Hip adductors are located along the ____ surface of the thigh.
Medial
66
Hip abductors are located along the ____ surface of the thigh.
Lateral
67
Iliopsoas
* Iliacus & Psoas Major
* Hip flexion
68
Iliopsoas
69
\*Rectus Femoris
Hip flexion & knee extension
70
\*
Rectus Femoris
71
Sartorius
* Hip flexion
* Lateral rotation
* Abduction
* Knee flexion
* Allows you to sit "cross-legged"
* Largest muscle in the body
72
Sartorius
73
Gracilis
Hip adduction
74
Gracilis
75
\*Gluteus Maximus
* Hip Extension
* Hyperextension
* Lateral Rotation
76
\*
Gluteus Maximus Cut
77
\*"Hamstrings" Group
* Biceps Femoris
* Semitendinosus
* Semimembranosus
78
\*Biceps Femoris
* Hip extension
* Knee flexion
79
\*
Biceps Femoris
80
\*Semimembranosus
* Hip extension
* Knee flexion
81
\*
Semimembranosus
82
\*Semitendinosus
* Hip extension
* Knee flexion
83
\*
Semitendinosus
84
Which hip muscle, based on action & size, is the "powerhouse" of standing from seated position?
Gluteus Maximus
85
Which 2 joints does rectus femoris cross (& therefore it can move)?
Hip & Knee
86
What group of 3 muscles crosses the hip & knee along the posterior thigh?
Hamstrings
87
Muscles that move the knee
* Rectus Femoris
* Vastus Lateralis
* Vastus Medialis
* Vastus Intermedius
* "Hamstrings" Group
* Gastrocnemius
88
\*Quadriceps Femoris
* Rectus Femoris
* Vastus Lateralis
* Vastus Medialis
* Vastus Intermedius
89
\*Vastus Lateralis
Knee Extension
90
\*
Vastus Lateralis
91
\*Vastus Medialis
Knee extension
92
\*
Vastus Medialis
93
\*Vastus Intermedius
Knee Extension
94
\*
Vastus Intermedius
95
\*Gastrocnemius
* Knee flexion
* Ankle plantarflexion
96
\*
Gastrocnemius
97
Why can rectus femoris move _both_ the hip & knee, but the other muscles in the quadriceps group can only move the knee?
Rectus femoris crosses both joints. The others just cross the knee.
98
Which muscle forms the superficial "calf" of the leg?
Gastrocenemius
99
On which surface of the leg are muscles located that cause plantarflexion?
Posterior
100
On which surface of the leg are muscles located that cause dorsiflexion?
Anterior
101
Muscles of the Shoulder Joint
* Deltoid
* Supraspinatus
* Pectoralis Major
* Latissimus Dorsi
* Teres Major
* Infraspinatus
* Teres Minor
* Subscapularis
* Coracobrachialis
102
Muscles of the Elbow and Forearm
* Brachialis
* Biceps Brachii
* Brachioradialis
* Triceps Brachii
103
Muscles of the Hip
* Iliopsoas
* Rectus Femoris
* Sartorius
* Gracilis
* Gluteus Maximus
* Hamstrings Group
* Semimembranosus
* Semitendinosus
* Biceps Femoris
104
Pronator Teres
Pronates the forearm
105
Supinator
Supinate the forearm
106
Origin
Point of attachment of the muscle to the bone that usually doesn't move when it contracts. (Stable point of attachment)
107
Insertion
Muscle's point of attachment that does move when it contracts.
