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BIOS 252 > A&P 3 Exam 1 > Flashcards

A&P 3 Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the immune clotting system?

A

Protection

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2
Q

4 Heart Chambers

A

R & L Atrium
R & L Ventricles

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3
Q

Adults have how much blood on average?

A

4-6 Liters

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4
Q

Where is the pulmonary circuit located?

A

Right side of the heart

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5
Q

What are anti-coagulants?

A

Medication used to prevent blood clots from forming or growing

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6
Q

Erythrocytes (RBC) principal functions

A

Carry oxygen from lungs to tissues
Carry CO2 from tissues to lungs

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

What does the the immune clotting system provide?

A

Protection

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9
Q

Adults have how much blood?

A

4 o 6 L

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10
Q

What side is the pulmonary circuit located on?

A

Right side of heart

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11
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

L & R Atrium
L & R Ventricle

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12
Q

What are anti-coagulants?

A

Medication that prevents the forming and expansion of blood clots

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13
Q

Erythrocytes principal function (RBCs)

A

Carry oxygen from lungs to tissues
Carry CO2 from tissues to the lungs

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14
Q

Blood is what than water?

A

Heavier?

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15
Q

Blood is what when oxygen is absent?

A

Dark Red

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16
Q

What is transportation?

A

O2, CO2, nutrients, waste, hormones, and stem cells are transported from bone marrow

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17
Q

Blood Types

A

Antigen (Ag)
Antibody (Anti)

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18
Q

Heart rhythm and contractions are controlled by the cardiac cells in what?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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19
Q

What is the cardio inhibitory center?

A

parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve

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20
Q

What is polycythemia

A

An excess of RBCs

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21
Q

What is anemia?

A

Deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin

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22
Q

How many phases of cardiac action potential are there?

A

4 Phases

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23
Q

What is erythropoiesis

A

RBC production from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

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24
Q

What are antigens?

A

Molecules that form on the surface of all cells
Enable the body to distinguish its own cells

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25
What do ventricles do?
Pump blood out of the heart to the lungs and the rest of the body via arteries
26
Leukocytes/Granulocytes
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
27
What is systole?
Contraction of the heart chambers
28
What is blood Ph range?
7.35-7.45
29
Why is Type O the universal donor
The lack of antigens on the RBCs surface= no antigens for the antibodies from the donor blood to attack
30
What does the atria do?
Receives blood from the heart to pump to the ventricles
31
What is hematopoiesis
Production of blood
32
What is Regulation?
Fluid balance, pH, and temp control
33
What is hemostasis?
The cessation of bleeding
34
Blood is slightly what than the bodies core temperature?
Warmer
35
Circulatory System
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
36
Each hemoglobin protein consists of?
Four protein subunits (globins) Four heme groups
37
What are the universal blood types?
Type O and AB+
38
What is cardiac output?
Volume ejected in each ventricle measured in liters per minute
39
Functions of the circulatory system?
Transportation, regulation, and protection
40
Solid (formed elements) are made up of what?
WBCs, RBCs, and platelets
41
Heart wall is made up of?
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
42
What are two erythrocytes disorders?
Polycythemia and anemia
43
Leukocytes; Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes and monocytes
44
What are the phases for stimulation of the myocardium
Depolarization Plateau Repolarization
45
Steps of hemostasis
Vascular spasm Platelet plug formation Coagulation
46
What are semi lunar valves?
Control flow from ventricles into great arteries
47
What is the cardio acceleratory center?
Sympathetic innervation via the cardiac nerves
48
What is hematopoietic tissue?
All other formed elements produced in bone marrow
49
Two Primary Heart Sounds
First sound (louder) Second sound (softer, sharper)
50
What are the two pathways to coagulation?
Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms
51
What is fibrolysis?
Dissolution of a clot
52
What is diastole?
Relaxation of heart chambers
53
Why is AB+ universal blood type?
No anti-A or B antibiotics in plasma
54
Liquid plasma is made up of what?
Water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, and waste
55
Blood is composed of what?
Plasma and formed elements
56
What color is blood when bound to RBCs?
Bright red
57
What is the pericardium?
Double walled sca that encloses the heart
58
What are AV valves?
control blood flow between atria and ventricles
59
What are the names of the valves?
Seimlunar and atrioventricular
60
What are platelets? (thrombocyte)
Small fragments of megakaryocyte cells
61
Centrifugation order of blood
1st plasma top (yellow) 2nd Buffy coat: narrow bond of WBCs and platelets 3rd RBC: heaviest, settles at the bottom *Hematocrit; packed cell value
62
what does the pulmonary circuit do?
transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
63
what does the systemic circuit do?
delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the body's organs, tissues, and cells
64
Hemagglutination essay
-Clmpinfg of red blood cells is a positive feedback loop -Blood to be tested is added specifically to a serum containing anti A & Anti-B
65
what is extrinsic mechanism?
initiated by clotting factors that are released by the damaged blood vessel or tissue
66
What are the hematopoietic stem cells?
-multiple stem cells in bone marrow -gives rise to all formed elements must continue creating new cells throughout the lifetime
67
name the four heme gr
Heme is a respiratory pigment that turns red when it binds to O2 Iron atom (Fe) at core binds O2 Four O2 binding sites per Hb
68
What are neutrophils
Most abundant 60-70% Aggressively phagocytes bacteria
69
What are eosinophils
2-4% total of WBCs red-orange granules in cytoplasm
70
What are basophils
Least abundant <1% many dark violet granules in cytoplasm
71
What are lymphocytes?
25-33% of total WBCs large dark nucleus w/ a little cytoplasm
72
what are monocytes?
3-8% of total WBCs horseshoe-shaped nucleus (largest WBC) phagocytizes microbes and cellular debris
73
What is the OT Interval
time it takes ventricles to contract and relax
74
what are P waves?
Arial depolarization
75
what are T Waves
ventricular repolarization
76
what is the PR Interval
time it takes to travel from atria to ventricles
77
What is the QRS complex
ventricular depolarization when signals from AV node spread through ventricles
78
ABO Blood Groups
A Antigen B Antigen Both A&B Neither
79
Cardiac Conduction System
SA Node signals spreads throughout atria atrioventricular bundle
80
What do leukocytes do?
Travel in blood to combat pathogens and foreign substances Have a major roles in responding to tissue damage
81
What is the intrinsic mechanism?
reaction pathway that uses clotting factors that are within the blood itself
82
Erythrocytes (RBC) are designed to maximize gas exchange and transport
Loses nearly all organelles during development No mitochondria No nucleus Consists mostly of hemoglobins that carry gases
83
Where is the systemic circuit?
The right side of the heart
84
Different layers of the pericardium?
Parietal layer Visceral layer Pericardial layer
85
Phases of the cardiac cycle?
Ventricular filling Isometric contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric relaxation
86
What is the cardiac cycle?
Series of events that occur in the heart during one complete heartbeat
87
What is antibody?
Proteins secreted as part of a specific immune response when foreign antigens are detected Bind to antigens and mark them for destruction

BIOS 252 (2 decks)

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