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A&P(Chap. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Histology?

A

Study of microscopic structure of tissue

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2
Q

What is a biomolecule?

A

A molecule present in living organisms

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3
Q

What are the four classes of biomolecules?

A

Protein
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Carbohydrate

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4
Q

What does structure determine?

A

Function

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5
Q

What does function modify?

A

Structure

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6
Q

What does the mitochondria produce?

A

ATP

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7
Q

What are the first five levels of organization?

A

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

A

Energy is produced and consumed
Adaptability
Reproduction
Growth and repair (ability to heal)

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9
Q

What is the smallest functional unit of life?

A

A cell

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10
Q

What three things do all cells consist of?

A

All cells are composed of a:
Membrane
Genetic Material
Cytosolic (fluid portion of cytoplasm)

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11
Q

What are the four major categories of tissue?

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous
Connective

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12
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Form a protective barrier (ex. skin)

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13
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues in the body

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14
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Sense stimuli and send signals back to brain

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15
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

Allow movement of body parts

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16
Q

What are the 11 major organ systems in the human body?

A

Musculoskeletal
Circulatory (cardiovascular)
Digestive
Reproductive
Nervous
Integumentary
Endocrine
Immune/Lymphatic
Respiratory
Urinary
Skeletal

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17
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Balance among body system so organelle can survive

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18
Q

What is the homeostatic set point?

A

The threshold required for the body to maintain homeostasis?

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19
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

The part of the brain that monitors homeostasis

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20
Q

What is a feedback control loop?

A

Refers to a system output relaying feedback so input can be adjusted.

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21
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

A feedback loop that AMPLIFIES change

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22
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

A feedback loop that REGULATES change

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23
Q

What is plasma?

A

Fluid part of blood where cells are suspended

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24
Q

What is Intracellular fluid (ICF)?

A

Fluid within cell

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25
Extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Fluid outside of cells
26
What percentage of total body fluid is ICF?
60%
27
What percentage of total body fluid is ECF?
40%
28
What are the two types of ECF?
Interstitial fluid and blood plasma
29
What does WNL mean?
Within normal limits (referring to set point)
30
What does homeostasis require?
To stay within normal range
31
What is capillary filtration?
Fluid movement in and out of a capillary as a result of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
32
What is a capillary?
A blood vessel - Connects arteries to veins (Smallest blood vessel)
33
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
The head, neck, chest, and back
34
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Bones that attach to the axial skeleton
35
What organ systems deal with environmental changes?
Nervous and endocrine
36
What the base unit of a molecule?
A monomer
37
What is the monomer for nucleic acid?
Nucleotides
38
What is the monomer for proteins?
Amino acids
39
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
40
What is the monomer for lipids?
Acylglycerols, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes
41
What do phospholipids do?
Make up the cell membrane
42
What do acylglycerols do?
Store energy
43
What do waxes do?
Form protective barriers
44
What do steroids do?
Derived from cholesterol (cholesterol helps support the phospholipid bilayer)
45
What do carbohydrates provide for the cell?
Energy
46
What does hydrophilic mean?
Attracted to water (head of a phospholipid)
47
What does hydrophobic mean?
Repels water (Fatty acid tail of a phospholipid)
48
What is the monomer for protein?
Amino acids
49
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
50
What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
51
What is the function of a lipid?
- Long term energy molecule - Helps structure the phospholipid bilayer - Helps with extracellular facilitation of cell to cell interactions
52
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Make up DNA and RNA
53
What is the function of carbohydrates?
- Short and long term energy storage - Attach to protein for cell recognition
54
What is the function of Protein?
Involved in almost all aspects of cellular function
55
What is the order of mitosis?
- Interphase - Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase
56
What is involved in interphase?
G1, S Phase(synthesis), G2
57
What happens during S phase?
Cell makes complete copy of its DNA
58
What happens during G2 phase?
Cell grows larger and prepares for mitosis
59
What happens during G1 phase?
Cell grows larger and makes building blocks it will need in later steps
60
What are some types of permeable solutes?
Oxygen, steroids, carbon dioxide
61
What are some types of impermeable solutes?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and charged ions
62
What is the direction of osmosis?
Low to high solute concentration (movement of water)
63
What is the direction of diffusion?
High to low concentration (movement of molecules)
64
What is facilitated diffusion?
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, but they have to pass through a channel or carrier protein
65
What is osmolarity?
Measure of solutes that are both permeable and impermeable in solution

A&P(1) (17 decks)

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