a&p chapters 1-3 Flashcards by Kayla Donis

anatomy

the study of the body’s structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

regional anatomy

body areas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cytology

study of the cell + structures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

systematic ANATOMY

organ systems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

absorption

moving nutrients into the blood stream

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

physiology

study of the body’s function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

systematic PHYSIOLOGY

functions of the organ system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

histology

study of tissues + structures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pathophysiology

effects of diseases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

metabolism

use of nutrients to extract energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

organ system

a group of organs working together

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

organism

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cell

fundamental subunit of living organisms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

homeostasis

stable internal environment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

effector

carries instructions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

diseases

disruption in homeostasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

stimulis

change in environment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

compensatory response

action to return to set point

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ECF (extra cellular fluid)

cushions cells / plays a role in homeostasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gross anatomy

macroscopic + visible to the naked eye

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

developmental anatomy

conception to death

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cell physiology

process within and between cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ingestion

taking in food

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

secretion

production / release of substance for function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

organ

consists of multiple tissue types performing major function

sensor (receptor)

receives stimulus

surface anatomy

exterior features "outside" body

microscopic anatomy

cells and molecules

organ physiology

functions of specific organs

digestion

breaking down food into nutrients

excretion

removal of waste from cell / tissue / body

tissue

cells of similar type grouped to perform specific function

integrator (control center)

signals and sends

positive feedback

body moved away from stability. normal range is lost ... used to speed up process

negative feedback

bring back body's normalcy. to achieve normal range

60-40-20 rule

60% of body is liquid 40% body is intercellular 20% of body is extracellular

octet rule

to achieve a outer shell ---- stability

element

produced naturally or artificially (ex. iron)

compound

occur in pure form or as members of a chemical combo

bulk elements

the body requires in LARGE amounts carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen sulfur

trace element

body requires in SMALL amounts

ultra trace element

toxic in large amounts but vital in small (ex. arsenic)

atom

smallest unit of an element

electron -

NEGATIVITY charged subatomic particle. orbits around nucleus

nucleus

core of an atom. occupied by protons and neutrons

proton +

POSITVELY charged subatomic particle found IN the nucleus of the cell

atomic number

number of protons in nucleus

neutron

uncharged subatomic particle found in atomic nucleus

mass number

atomic weight

molecule

two or more atoms combine to form a distinctive type of particle

molecular formula

number + atom in a molecule

chemical bond

TWO surfaces or objects joined together

electron shell

outside part of an atom around nucleus

valence electrons

electron in the outermost shell

ocet rule

8 electron in the orbit shell

ion

negative ion and positive ion balanced in nucleus

cations

positive (lost) ion ex. sodium and calcium

anions

negative (gained) ion

iconic bond

attraction formed between ion of OPPOSITE charge

COvalent bonds

two atoms SHARING a pair of electrons

NON polar bond

even distribution ex. oil

polar bonds

uneven distribution ex. water

hydrogen bond "NOF"

relatively weak

reactant

starting material

product (like addition)

conclusion

synthesis

FORM

decomposition

BREAK

exchange

TRADE

reversible

CHANGE

acid

release hydrogen ions in water ex HCI

bases

combine hydrogen ions ex. NaOH

salt

NaCl

more hydrogen; lower pH

normal blood pH

7.35 - 7.45

alkalemia blood pH

7.5-7.8 high fever & anxiety

acidema blood pH

7.0-7.3 diarrhea & vomiting

buffer

change in chemical that resis pH

organic compounds

carbon atoms COvantley bonded to hydrogen

carbohydrates

carbon, hydrogen + oxygen 1:2:1 ratio

monosaccharides

3 to 7 carbon atoms ex. glucose

disaccarides

contains two monosccarhies

polysaccharides

complex carbs ex. cellulose or glycogen

lipid

nonpolar, greasy and oily 1+ fatty acid

starch

polysaccharide

triglycerides (fat)

glycerol + 3 fatty acid

saturated fat

solid at room temp

unsaturated fat

liquid at room temp

phospholipid, steroid and tryglyceriods

fatty acid

protein

structural materials energy source chemical messengers

primary protein structure

amino acids

secondary protein structure

folded by hydrogen bonds

tertiary protein structure

quaternary protein structure

two or more polypeptides

nucleotides

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group + nitrogen contains organic base

DNA

genetic material ATGC

RNA

protein synthesis AGCU

a&p chapters 1-3 Flashcards

(96 cards)