A&P Final Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
A sarcomere is best described as
A
Unit within a muscle fiber
2
Q
Transverse tubules
A
Transmit muscle impulses into the cell interior
3
Q
The toxin that causes botulism
A
Prevents the release of acetylcholine
4
Q
The first event in muscle fiber contraction is that
A
Acetylcholine is released from the end of the motor neuron
5
Q
Sliding filament model
A
Acton filament slide along myosin filaments
6
Q
Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle:
A
Contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly
7
Q
The structures that connect cardiac muscles are:
A
Intercalated discs
8
Q
The muscle that causes an action is the:
A
Agonist
9
Q
A muscle that assist the agonist is a:
A
Synergist
10
Q
A tendon is ____, whereas an aponeurosis is ____
A
Cordlike and connects muscle to bone; a broad sheath of dense connected tissue that connects muscle to muscle
11
Q
The linea Alba is:
A
A band of tough connective tissue to which abdominal wall muscles attach
12
Q
The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and the Soleus
A
Achilles tendon
13
Q
Two specific muscles of the rotator cuff
A
Infraspinatus and teres major
14
Q
Two specific muscles of the quadriceps muscle
A
Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis
15
Q
A suture is an example of a
A
Fibrous joint
16
Q
A fibrous joint in which bones are bound together by an interosseous ligament is a
A
Syndesmosis
17
Q
A gomphosis is an example of a
A
Fibrous joint
18
Q
A synchondrosis
A
Equalizes pressure between vertebrae
19
Q
A ____ is not a type of fibrous joint
A
Symphysis
20
Q
Large opening at the base of the skull, specifically in the occipital bone, through which the spinal cord passes and exits the cranial vault
A
Furamen magnum
21
Q
Odontoid process (dens)
A
Bony projection from the axis vertebra (c2) that articulates with the atlas (c1) vertebra
22
Q
Manobrium
A
Superior/upper portion of the sternum
23
Q
Middle and largest part of the sternum
A
Body
24
Q
Xiphoid process
A
Lowest part of the sternum
25
Ilium
Uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone/hip bone and pelvis
26
The site of the most hip fractures:
The femoral head
26
left vs right lung
Left lung has 2 lobes and the right lung has 3
26
Which structure in the respiratory system contains the vocal cord
Larynx
27
Lateral malleolus
Bony bump located on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the distal end of the fibula
27
High-pitched whistling sound produced during breathing
Wheezing
27
What is the term for the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration?
Residual volume
27
An example of a intramembranous bone
The parietal bone of the skull
27
What rib ribs attach to the sternum?
The first seven ribs 
28
Glenoid/glenohumeral joint
Ball socket joint that connects the humerus to the scapula
28
What is the primary function of surfactant in the alveoli?
To prevent alveolar walls from sticking together
29
Endochondral ossification involves ____, whereas intramembranous ossification involves ___
Forming bone by replacing hayline cartilage; forming bone by replacing connective tissue
30
what is important in maintaining the pH of blood?
carbon dioxide
31
what is the primary stimulus for breathing?
carbon dioxide levels in the blood
32
the ____ innervates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
33
Air entering the potential space of the pleural cavity is called
pneumothorax
34
loose-fitting sac around the heart is the
parietal pericardium
35
the cardiac skeleton consists of
fibrous connective tissue encircling the atrioventricular orifices (openings)
36
sequence of parts that carry cardiac muscle impulses is
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
37
in mitral valve prolapse, the mitral valve
bulges into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
38
the pain in angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies the
heart
39
stroke volume is
the amount of blood pumped out per heartbeat
40
what causes the first heartbeat sound (lub)
closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves
41
small artery
arteriole
42
smallest blood vessel
capillary
43
Sensory receptors include
Mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors
44
Fibers of the spinothalamic track, transmit pain and temperature information to the
Thalamus
45
What part of the ear is responsible for maintaining balance?
Vestibular apparatus
46
In the eye, which structure is the transparent extension of the sclera in the anterior part of the eye
Cornea
47
The ossicles in the middle ear are
Stapes, incus, malleus
48
What part of the brain primarily processes, visual information?
Occipital
49
What is the Blindspot in the retina?
The optic disc
50
The eustachian tube connect the middle ear to the
Nasopharynx
51
Which structures contain taste buds
Filiform Papillae and fungiform Papillae
52
The process of accommodation in the eye involves
Changes in the lens shape
53
In the utricle, the tips of the hair cells are covered by a gelatin like material. Embedded throughout the gelatin material are heavy mineral crystals called…
Otoliths
54
Dynamic equilibrium is primarily maintained by which structures
Semicircular canals
55
Static equilibrium refers to
Position of the head in space
56
Part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements, and maintaining balance
Cerebellum
57
A network of interlacing nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system
Plexus
58
Portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, water, balance, and body temperature
Hypothalamus
59
Part of the brain that controls breathing heartbeat in the size of blood vessels
Medulla oblongata
60
Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
Cauda equina
61
The axial portion of the body includes
Dorsal and ventral cavities
62
The section that separates the body into right and left portions
Sagittal 
63
The intervertebral discs that separate the individual parts of the backbone are composed of which type of connective tissue
Fibrocartilage
64
The type of epithelial tissue that lines, the urinary bladder and many of the urinary passageways is
Transitional epithelial tissue
65
Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of
Dense regular connective tissue
66
Collagen is a major component of
Bone, connective tissue, and ligaments and tendons
67
The arrector pili muscle is attached to the
Hair follicle
68
Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a
Transport system of the cell
69
What is known as the master gland in the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
70
What does the cerebrospinal fluid do?
Informs the autonomic centers in the brain stem and hypothalamus about the internal environment, provides a pathway for waste to enter the blood, protect the brain and spinal cord
71
The spinal cord
Has 31 segments, a cervical and lumbar enlargement, a core of gray matter
72
Damage to which area would result in ataxia
Cerebellum
73
What is not part of the diencephalon?
Spinal cord
74
Aphasia is a loss of ability to
Speak
75
The band of horizontal neurons that brings impulses from one hemisphere to the other is called
The corpus callosum
76
Michelangelo was gifted, artistic and creative. He was most likely ____ brain dominant.
Right
77
The lobe of the cortex that is responsible for our understanding between behavior and consequence is
Frontal
78
On the surface of the brain, the ____ are the convolutions, and the ____ are the grooves between the convolutions
Gyri; sulcus
79
What is the name of cranial nerve 1?
Olfactory
80
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
Controls facial sensations and job movements, including chewing
81
12 cranial nerves
Olfactory, occlear, occlearmotor, trigeminal, trochlear, abducens, facial, vestibular choclear, glossopharangeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal
82
Which disease does progressive loss of muscle control result from destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system
Multiple sclerosis
83
What type of neuron is also called an interneuron because it carries messages between the other two types of neurons
Associative
84
Which activities of the body are controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Involuntary
85
Which division of the autonomic nervous system system prepares the body for an action in an emergency?
Sympathetic system
86
What section of the brain helps regulate heartbeat and respiration
Brain stem
87
What section of the brain is concerned with reasoning?
Cerebrum
88
Which of these disorders occurs when there is a loss of blood flow, and intern oxygen, to the brain?
Cerebrovascular accident
89
Which section of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, balance and posture, and muscle tone
Cerebellum
90
An inflammation of the meninges called meningitis usually affects the
Arachnoid mater and pia matter
91
What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis
92
Which of the following secretes cortisol
Adrenal cortex
93
Which hormone regulated calcium in the blood and bones
Parathyroid hormone
94
Which is a description of gonadotropins
Secreted by the interior lobe of the pituitary gland
95
What is the term for excessive development of the mamory tissue in a male?
Gynecomastia
96
A group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
Cushing syndrome
97
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of eyeballs (Graves’ disease)
98
Area between the uterus and the rectum
Cul-de-sac
99
Part of the perineum
Labia majora
100
Adnexa uteri
Ovaries and fallopian tubes
101
Ovarian sac
Corpus luteum
102
Excessive flow of blood from the uterus between menstrual periods
Metrorrhagia
103
Nail bed consist of
Collagen and elastin
104
In which of the following areas are the apocrine sweat glands most numerous?
Axillary areas
105
Blueish purple mark on the skin
Ecchymosis
106
Associated with aging skin
Keratosis
107
Transitional epithelial tissue
Consist of multiple layers of cuboidal and dome shaped epithelial cells that line hollow organs that stretch and recoil
108
Physical and chemical changes or reactions that occur within the body are collectively known as
Metabolism
109
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels that branch from the aorta & carry O2 rich blood to the heart muscle
110
Chemical messenger that transmits signals between nerve cells and other cells
Neurotransmitters
111
Binding sites on the surface of actin allows cross bridges of what molecule
Myosin
