A&P Final Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Function of a Capillary
A
carry O2 to every cell in body
2
Q
Function of a Artery
A
pull blood away from heart
3
Q
Function of WBC(Leukocyte)
A
immunity
4
Q
Dietary Constituents of Plasma
A
- H2O
- CHO
- Lipids
- Dietray Proteins
- Vitamins
- Electrolytes
- Trace Minerals
- NaHCO3
5
Q
Water Components
A
- Vascular
- Interstitual
- Intracellular
6
Q
6 Proteins and their Functions
A
- Channels——h20/electrolyes in/out the cell
- Transport protein—-active pump in cell
- Receptoors—hormone attachment
- Cytoskeletal anchors—-shape
- ID Marker—self
- Enzymes—speed chemical reaction
7
Q
Normal Ph
A
7.4 +/- .2
8
Q
Mitochondria Energy Equation
A
glucose+02+mito/enzyme–ATP +Heat+CO2+H2O
9
Q
Function of Bone
A
- Framework for skeletal muscle attachment
- Protection
- hematopoises —-red bone marrow
- yellow bone –fuel
- store Ca++ and Phosphate
10
Q
Body constituents of Plasma
A
- Hormone
- enzyme
- metabloc waste product
- hepatic protein
11
Q
Products produced by fibroblasts
A
- ground substance
- collagen
- yellow elastic fibers
- reticular fibers
12
Q
Stages of Fracture for Long Bone Healing
A
- Fracture hematoma
- Catillage callus
- Ossues callus
- Bone remodeling
13
Q
None Union (etiologies) Fracture
A
- decrese blood supply
- excessive movement
- bateria
- decrease in Ca++
- diabetes mellitus
14
Q
Hip Dysplasia Symptoms
A
- bunny hop gait
- wont go up stairs
- crepitus
- slow to get up from bed
- jumping into car
15
Q
Connective Tissue Subtypes
A
- bone
- cartilage—–ear/nose
- dense fibrous c.t——ligaments
- Reticular c.t—-glands
- yellow elastic c.t—–skin/lungs
16
Q
Epithelial Subtypes
A
- simple colimnar—-all blood vessels
- pseudostratified columnar—mucoucillary transport system
- glandular—end/exocrine glands
- simple columnar—GI tract
- transitional—urinary system
- stratified squamous—–skin
17
Q
Functions of Skin
A
- protection
- blood resivoir
- thermal regulation
- sensation
- moisture retention
- produce nails, hooves, claws, hair
- immune survailance
- vitamin d synthesis
18
Q
Stages of Wound Healing
A
- hemmatoma
- inflammation
- granulation bed
- epithelial migration
- remodeling
19
Q
Stages of Delayed Wound Healing
A
- decrese blood supply
- diabetes mellitus
- decrease protein
- excessive motion
- infection
20
Q
Etiologies of Inflammation
A
- trauma
- forien proteins
- ischemia
- neoplasia
- burns
- auto immune disease
- allergies/bug bites
21
Q
Function of Muscle
A
- locomotion
- thermogenisis
- postural support
- movement of blood , urine, food, birthing
22
Q
Muscle Types
A
- skeletal—–coluntary, striated
- smooth—–invol. non striated
- cardiac—-invol. striated
23
Q
Steps for Muscle Contraction
A
- motor neurone–action potention
- synaptical vessicle–ACH
- ACH sarcocemma duck
- sarcoemma—depolorize energy
- mitochondria–ATP
- sarcoplasmic—CA++
- actin myosin contract
24
Q
Nervous tissue Require
A
- constant O2
- constant glucose
- no pressure
25
oligodendroglial
insulating myolin shealth
26
astrocyts
produce blood brain barrier
27
microglial
phagocytosis reuptured neuron
28
synapse
relay bwtween one neuron to another
29
gray matter
nerve cell body
30
white matter
axons
31
nerve
collection of axons
32
hypoxia
decresse in O2
33
hypoglycemia
decrease in glucose
34
myositis
inflammation of the muscle
35
ribosome
protein factors
36
cell membrane
regulate what goes in and out of cell
37
erythrocte(RBC)
transport O2
38
red bone marrow
prodution of RBC, WBC, and platlets
39
capillary
smallest blood vessel
40
platlet
blood clotting
41
mitochondria
produce energy
42
endocrin gland
have no ducts, secrete hormones into the blood stream
43
exocrine gland
secrete into hollow organs, have ducts
44
antibody
immune protein
45
lysome
suicide bag
46
albumen
protein holds h2o in blood stream
47
hormone
biological endocrin messenger
48
enzyme
protein catalyst
49
pH
(H+)
50
anemia
decrease # of RBC
51
leukopenia
decrease in WBC
52
micron
1/1000mm
53
phagocytosis
engulfing bacteria
54
foreign protein
protein withoutsme ID marker of cell
55
gi absorption
food/nutrients directed in blod stream
56
serum
fraction of blood has clotted
57
plasma
h20 portion of blood can still clot
58
hepatic
liver
59
buffer
nutralizes acid
60
H2CO3
carbonic acid
61
hyperkalemia
increse in potassium levels
62
NaHCO3
body primary buffer
63
electrolytes
charged ion
64
antibiotic
destroys bacteria( mane made drug)
65
CO2
carbon dioxide
66
diffusion
moving gas or solute from high to love concentration
67
secretion
product of any gland
68
ossification
bone productuion
69
osteiod
collagen
70
open reduction
needs sx
71
deossification
loss of bone denisty
72
comminuted fracture
shattered fracture completly
73
steinman pin
used in sx to help keep a bone , etc in place
74
avulsion fracture
tendon or ligament tears off
75
cancellous bone graft
????
76
pathologic fracture
caused by disease
77
cranial drawer sign
?????
78
wolfs law
????
79
osteomyelitis
bone effected by bacteria
80
osteoarthritis
inflammation of a joint
81
crepitus
grinding noise can be heard from joint rubbing
82
joint mouse
piece of cartilage breaks off a joint
83
closed reduction
doesnt need sx
84
luxation
dislocation of a joint
85
DJD
degenerative joint disease
86
intermittent lameness
when animal holds foot up not wanting to put pressure on it
87
ligament
c.t tissue holding bone to bone
88
subluxation
abnormal movemtn of a joint
89
osteophyte
bone spur
90
hip dysplasia
genetic shallow acetubelum
91
TPO
tripple pelvic osteotomy
92
OFA
orthopedic foundation for animals
93
endochondral ossification
long bone have go through cartilage stage
94
periostium
blood suppy to bone
95
osteblast
production of bone and collage
96
havasian canal
convay blood supply and sensory nerves supply
97
osteoclasts
destry bone
98
articular cartilage
smooth joint function
99
ligament
con. tissue connects bone to bone
100
tendon
connects muscle to bone
101
cranial cruciate ligament
prevents sliding of stiffle joint
102
joint capsule
synocial fluid filled cavity
103
calcitonin
stimulates osteoblasts
104
fascia
dense fibr. con. tiss. to connect and protect muscle
105
osteochondrosis
cartilage detaches
106
PTH(parathormone)
stiumulate osteoclasts
107
aspirant cytology
removing of cell from mass
108
metastasis
cancer spreading all over body
109
diapedesis
WBC move through cappillary wall
110
skin scraping
taking cell from skin for tesing of mass/tumor
111
cyst
exocrine glands ducts have obstructed
112
abscess
localized collection of pus
113
neoplasia
cancer, or new growth
114
mange
skin disease caused by mites
115
integument
skin
116
lymph
filtering stations
117
neovascularizaion
new growth of capillary
118
proud flush
over production of granulation in horses
119
dehisence
reopening of wound
120
seroma
collection of serum
121
cytokine
chemical produce dilation
122
margination
malignant tissue arising from glands
123
vasodilatition
blood vesel dialates
124
dirty margins
have cancer cells
125
excisional biopsy
removing full tumor or mass from body
126
Function of goblet cell
produce mucous
127
Function of mast cell
histamine
128
Function of Dendritic cell
engul foreign protein
129
Function of basal cell
dividing to produce new squamous cell
130
function of dermis
protect outter layer of skin
131
Function of sebaceous gland
produce sebum
132
Function of subcutabeous sensory nerve
above skin snensory nerve neron
133
Function of peritoneum
prevents friction
134
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
1. increase temp
2. errythema(red)
3. edema(sweeling)
4. pain
135
milk fever
low CA++ in blood stream
136
aerobix
w/ O2
137
anerobic
w/o O2
138
atrophy
decrease in cell size
139
lactic acid
blocks recepters of muscle
140
hypertrophy
muscle enlargment
141
neurons
produce relectricity
142
myosis
over use of muscle
143
monday morning disease
muscle fibers rupture
144
collagen
scars
145
branchodilation
muscle relxation
146
branchoconstriction
muscle tightens
