A&P II Final Exam Review (Jim) 7/25/24 Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
- What is hemolytic disease of the newborn?
A
- A woman with Rh-positive blood need not worry at all.
- A woman with Rh-negative blood has nothing to worry about if their baby is also Rh-negative
- Problems arise only with Rh-negative mothers and Rh-positive babies. Usually, the first pregnancy goes fine. It’s a subsequent Rh-positive baby who may be at risk.
2
Q
- The most important feature of hemoglobin is what?
A
it binds to oxygen
3
Q
- What cells below can be found in significantly elevated numbers during a bacterial infection in the body?
A
Neutrophils
4
Q
- Which of the cells below ultimately becomes activated to become the largest phagocytic cell in the body?
A
Macrophages or monocytes (turn into macrophage)
5
Q
- When a clot is no longer needed, the _____ is dissolved by ______?
A
Fibrin, plasmin
6
Q
- What blood vessels do not carry oxygen?
A
Pulmonary artery and umbilical artery
7
Q
- If a murmur is heard throughout systole what does that mean?
A
It means that one of the AV valves is not fully shut
8
Q
- Which of the following statements about the heart is not true?
A
The QRS complex in the ECG of a patient corresponds to ventricular repolarization
9
Q
- Which of the following statements concerning the chordae tendinae is not true?
A
They prevent the semi lunar valve from involution turning out like an umbrella
10
Q
- When the Foreman Ovale fails to close after birth, the congenital defect is called?
A
Atrial septal defect
11
Q
- A drop in blood volume will immediately trigger all of the following except?
A
Increased system blood pressure
12
Q
- What are the two blood vessels that emerge from where the abdominal aorta exists?
A
Right and left common iliac artery
13
Q
- What are the branches of the aortic arch?
A
1-brachialcephalic artery, #2 left common carotid artery and #3 left subclavian artery
14
Q
- Which of the following statements is true?
A
The 2 sets of blood vessels that directly deliver oxygenated blood into the Circle of Willis are the internal carotid arteries and basilar artery
15
Q
- What are the two sets of blood vessels that deliver oxygenated blood into the circle of Willis?
A
Internal carotid arteries and basal arteries
16
Q
- The name of the blood vessel found on the back of the knee is?
A
Popliteal artery
17
Q
- What are the three blood vessels that emerge from the celiac trunk?
A
Left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic arteries
18
Q
- Erythrocytes have no _____ and derive their ATP from _____?
A
Organelles and glycolysis
19
Q
- Even though the lymphatic system is heavily involved in immune system response, its main function is?
A
Fluid homeostasis
20
Q
- Most of the deoxygenated blood from abdominal organs drains directly in the?
A
hepatic portal vein
21
Q
- If the lymphatic vessel in the lower left leg of a patient becomes blocked what would you expect to see?
A
The left leg would develop edema
22
Q
- As the tubes make up the respiratory tree branch and become smaller, what change happens on the way down the respiratory tree?
A
We progressively lose cartilage and increase smooth muscle
23
Q
- The main defense that the respiratory system has to prevent unwanted particulate matter from reaching the alveoli is?
A
mucociliary clearance
24
Q
- When a patient has an obstructive pulmonary disease like asthma, you would expect all of the following except:
A
high O2 saturation rates
25
25. The peripheral chemoreceptors and baroreceptors are located where?
Cortical sinuses and aortic arch
26
26. Any _____ that causes _____can cause right ventricular hypertrophy in the heart and ultimately right-sided heart failure.
Pulmonary disease, increased pulmonary vascular resistance
27
28. The levels of what molecule ion drives respiratory?
CO2
28
29. In the nephrons, where does most of the absorption slash reabsorption occur?
PCT -proximal convoluted tubule
29
30. Where does the peritubular originate from, and what does it wrap around?
Originates from the Efferent arterioles and wraps around the PCT and DCT
30
31. The kidneys are responsible for all of the following functions except:
they convert systemic nitrogenous waste to urea
31
33. The extra long _____in the ______ helps maintain salt content of the renal medulla.
Loop of Henle, juxtamedullary nephron
32
32. Which of the following statements regarding the act of micturition is not correct?
Nocturnal micturition in healthy adults is normal
33
Which of the following is accurate regarding blood flow in the kidney?
Renal artery to segmental to interlobar arteries to arcuate arteries
34
35. Where is the intrinsic factor made _____ and it helps absorb _____ and it's absorbed it in the _____?
Stomach, B12, Ileum
35
36. What is the function of bile?
To emulsified fats
36
38. Why does the small intestine have many folds?
To increase surface area for absorption
37
39. What does the enteric nervous system do?
Controls the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
38
41. What does the mesenteric plexus do?
Controls gastrointestinal (GI) motility
39
42. What does the exocrine pancreas do?
Secrete enzymes for carbohydrate digestion, secrete enzymes for protein digestion and ??
40
43. Most hormones are _____ and operate through _____.
Water soluble, negative feedback mechanism
41
45. What is up-regulation in the context of the endocrine system?
The body makes more receptor sites for specific hormones
42
44. What might happen if the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is damaged in a child?
The child may develop but have small stature
43
46. Which muscle helps regulate the temperature of the testicles?
Cremaster muscles
44
49. What hormone starts the ovarian cycle?
GNRH (Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone)
45
47. Which of the following hormones directly stimulate spermatogenesis?
Testosterone
46
50. When does the secondary reach an oocyte?
Upon fertilization
47
52. What is the longest stage of parturition (3 phases)?
Dilation phase is the longest (3 phases are dilation, expulsion and placenta)
48
51. True/False: The placenta produces all of the progesterone and estrogen needed in the second and third trimesters?
True
49
48. What structure anchors the uterus internally?
Round ligament
50
40. What does the submucosal myenteric plexus do?
Regulates peristaltic activity by innervating the muscularis mucosae
51
37. Where does chemical digestion first begin?
In the mouth
52
25. Concerning surfactant which of the following are true?
All of the above
53
22. The main defense that the respiratory system has to prevent unwanted particles and matter from reaching the alveoli is?
Mucus ciliary clearance
54
18. Most of the deoxygenated blood from abdominal organs drained directly into the _______?
Hepatic portal Vein
