A&P: Integumentary System

Question 1

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

Layers of Skin

Answer 2

Epidermis and Dermis

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; avascular

contains keratinocytes, dendritic cells, melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells

Question 4

Keratinocytes

Answer 4

produces keratin (tough protein for protection)

majority

Question 5

Melanocytes

Answer 5

produce pigment Melanin

Question 6

Melanin

Answer 6

protects against UV radiation

DNA protection

Question 7

Dendritic Cells

Answer 7

involved in immune responses

arises from red bone marrow

Question 8

Tactile Epithelial Cells

Answer 8

aka Merkel Cells

f(x) in sensation of touch along with adjacent nonencapsulated sensory corpuscle (Merkel Disc)

Question 9

Layers of Epidermis
“Come, Let’s Get Sun Burned!”

Answer 9

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum (non existant in thin skin)
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

Question 10

Stratum Basale

Answer 10

continuous cell division occurs

aka ~ germinativum

Question 11

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 11

not quite keratinized yet

held together by desmosomes

Question 12

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 12

beginning of Apoptosis of keratinocytes

Keratohyalin and Lamellar Granules present

Question 13

Keratohyalin

Answer 13

assembles keratin in Stratum Granulosum

Question 14

Lamellar Granules

Answer 14

in Stratum Granulosum; waterproofs cell

Question 15

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 15

extra layer only present in thick skins (sole, fingertips, etc)

Question 16

Stratum Corneum

Answer 16

stratified squamous dead keratinocytes (Corneocyte or Squames) present

Callus may be formed

Question 17

Dermis

Answer 17

connective tissue of Cutaneous Membrane

thicker than epidermis

houses blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles

Papillary Region and Reticular Region

Question 18

Papillary Region

Answer 18

composed of of Areolar CT (loose)

contains Dermal Papillae, Capillary Loops, Corpuscles of Touch (Meissner Corpuscles), and Free Nerve Ending

Question 19

Reticular Region

Answer 19

composed of Dense Irregular CT

blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands

Question 20

Subcutaneous Layer

Answer 20

aka Hypodermis; NOT part of skin

attaches skin to underlying tissues and organs

contains Lamellar Corpuscles (sensitive to pressure)

Question 21

Pili

Answer 21

hair

protection, reduction of heat loss, sensing light touch

entirely keratinized epidermal cells

Question 22

Structure of Hair

Answer 22

Shaft
Root
Hair Bulb
Hair Root Plexus
Hair Follicle

Question 23

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 23

secrete oil substance called sebum (holocrine)

Question 24

Sebum

Answer 24

prevents dehydration of hair and skin

inhibit growth of certain bacteria

Question 25

Sudoriferous Gland

Answer 25

sweat gland eccrine vs apocrine

Question 26

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Answer 26

opens to surface of the skin sweat mostly water (and some ions)

Question 27

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Answer 27

opens into hair follicle eccrine sweat + lipids and proteins

Question 28

Ceruminous Glands

Answer 28

modified sweat glands in the ear prevents entry of foreign bodies

Question 29

Nail

Answer 29

composed of keratinized epidermal cells f(x) couterpressure to palmar surface for enhanced touch perception and manipulation pick things up scratching protect underlying structures

Question 30

Structure of Nail

Answer 30

free edge nail body (plate) lunula at base nail root (under the skin)

Question 31

Functions of Integumentary System

Answer 31

Thermoregulation Blood Reservoir Protection Sensation Excretion and Absorption Vitamin D Synthesis

Question 32

Epidermal Wound Healing

Answer 32

migration of basal epithelial cells across the wound and thickening

Question 33

Dermal Wound Healing

Answer 33

Inflammatory Migratory Proliferation Maturation

Question 34

Inflammatory phase of Deep Wound Healing

Answer 34

blood clot forms uniting wound edge blood vessels dilate increasing permeability and allow delivery of white blood cells, macrophages, mesenchymal fibroblasts

Question 35

Migratory phase of Deep Wound Healing

Answer 35

clot scabs epithelium cell creat bridge under scab

Question 36

Proliferation phase of deep wound healing

Answer 36

extensive growth of epithelial cells fibroblasts deposit collagen fibers blood vessels grow

Question 37

Maturation phase of deep wound healing

Answer 37

scab falls off collagen fibers more organized fibroblasts decrease blood vessels restore to normal