a&p lab exam one

Question 1

define cardiac output

Answer 1

total amount of blood pumped per minute

Question 2

what is the equation for CO

Answer 2

SVxHR

Question 3

define stroke volume

Answer 3

EDV-ESV

Question 4

how does increased venous return affect HR, SV, and CO

Answer 4

incr SV, which incr CO

Question 5

how does exercise affect HR, SV, and CO

Answer 5

increases all

Question 6

the part of the intrinsic conduction system that initiates and sets the heart rate is the …

Answer 6

SA node

Question 7

List the parts of the intrinsic conductive system in order of how they reach the electrical signal

Answer 7

SA node –> AV node –> AV bundle –> AV bundle branch –> Purkinjie fibers

Question 8

a tracing of the electrical activity of the heart is called an …

Answer 8

ECG

Question 9

what does a P wave reflect

Answer 9

atrial depolarization

Question 10

what does a QRS complex reflect

Answer 10

ventricular depolarization

Question 11

what does a T wave reflect

Answer 11

ventricular repolarization

Question 12

in a normal ECG wave tracing, atrial repolarization is hidden by the

Answer 12

ventricular depolarization

Question 13

The P wave represents ___ depolarization, which leads to atrial ___.

Answer 13

atrial
systole

Question 14

how do the waves of depolarization, generated by autorhythmic cells, spread to the muscle cells?

Answer 14

gap junctions

Question 15

name three channels essential for generating an action potential and indicate which way the ions move

Answer 15

Ca2+ channels into
Na+ channels into
K+ channels out of

Question 16

if the sodium channel or the calcium channels are open, the inside of the cell would be relatively more …

Answer 16

positive/depolarized

Question 17

state the voltage-gated channels responsible for the following stagees of the action potential in cardiac contractile cells:
Depolarization
Plateau
Repolarization

Answer 17

Na+ gates
Ca2+ gates
K+ gates

Question 18

What channels in the autorhythmic cells allow ions to leak in, producing a pacemaker potential?

Answer 18

Na+ channels

Question 19

Where do you place stethoscope to hear Pulmonary SL valve? (on self)

Answer 19

just below the clavicle and to the left of the sternum

Question 20

Where do you place stethoscope to hear Aortic SL valve? (on self)

Answer 20

just below the clavicle and to the right of the sternum

Question 21

Where do you place stethoscope to hear mitral valve? (on self)

Answer 21

just below xiphoid process and to the left

Question 22

Where do you place stethoscope to hear tricuspid valve?

Answer 22

just over xiphoid process

Question 23

what causes heart sound 1

Answer 23

closure of the AV valves

Question 24

what causes heart sound 2

Answer 24

closure of the SL valves

Question 25

what are the parts of a stethoscope (6)

Answer 25

eartips binaural binaural spring tubing bell diaphragm

Question 26

what is the bell of a stethoscope used for

Answer 26

murmurs and newborns

Question 27

anterior (ventral)

Answer 27

front of the body

Question 28

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 28

back of the body

Question 29

superior (cranial)

Answer 29

toward head end of body

Question 30

inferior (caudal)

Answer 30

away from head end of body

Question 31

proximal

Answer 31

nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part of the body

Question 32

distal

Answer 32

furthest from trunk or the point of origin of a part of the body

Question 33

medial

Answer 33

toward the midline of the body

Question 34

lateral

Answer 34

away from the midline of the body

Question 35

superficial

Answer 35

closer to external surface of the body

Question 36

deep

Answer 36

further from the external surface of the body

Question 37

coronal plane

Answer 37

vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior

Question 38

transverse plane

Answer 38

horizontal plane that divides body into upper and lower parts

Question 39

sagittal plane

Answer 39

vertical plane that divides body into left and right

Question 40

median plane

Answer 40

sagittal plane through the midline of the body

Question 41

longitudinal tissue section

Answer 41

hotdog cut

Question 42

cross tissue section

Answer 42

hamburger cut

Question 43

oblique tissue section

Answer 43

diagonal cut

Question 44

dorsal cavity

Answer 44

posterior, contains cranial and spinal cavity

Question 45

ventral cavity

Answer 45

anterior, contains thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavity

Question 46

abdominal-pelvic quadrants (4)

Answer 46

right upper left upper right lower left lower

Question 47

right upper quadrant (8)

Answer 47

right lobe of liver gallbladder duodenum head of pancreas right adrenal gland right kidney superior part of ascending colon right of transverse colon

Question 48

left upper quadrant (9)

Answer 48

left lobe of liver spleen most of stomach jejunum and proximal ileum body and tail of pancreas left adrenal gland left kidney superior part of descending colon left of transverse colon

Question 49

right lower quadrant (8)

Answer 49

cecum appendix most of ileum inferior part of right uterine tube right ovary ascending colon right ureter right spermatic cord

Question 50

left lower quadrant (7)

Answer 50

sigmoid colon inferior part of descending colon left ovary left uterine tube left ureter left spermatic cord

Question 51

abdominal-pelvic regions (9)

Answer 51

top row: R hypochondriac, epigastric, L hypochondriac middle row: R lumbar, umbilical, L lumbar bottom row: R iliac (inguinal), hypogastric (pubic), L iliac (inguinal)

Question 52

parts of nervous system

Answer 52

brain spinal chord peripheral nerves

Question 53

parts of respiratory system

Answer 53

nasal passage trachea lungs

Question 54

parts of circulatory system

Answer 54

heart blood vessels

Question 55

parts of digestive system

Answer 55

stomach liver gall bladder large intestine small intestine

Question 56

parts of excretory system

Answer 56

kidneys urinary bladder

Question 57

parts of muscular system

Answer 57

skeletal muscles tendons

Question 58

parts of skeletal system

Answer 58

cartilage bones joints

Question 59

parts of integumentary system

Answer 59

hair skin nails

Question 60

parts of immune system

Answer 60

thymus lymph nodes spleen lymphatic vessels

Question 61

parts of the endocrine system

Answer 61

pituitary gland thyroid gland pancreas adrenal glands testes ovaries

Question 62

parts of reproductive system

Answer 62

male: epididymis and testes female: mammary glands, ovaries, and uterus

Question 63

frons

Answer 63

forehead or frontal

Question 64

oculus

Answer 64

eye (orbital or ocular)

Question 65

cranium

Answer 65

skull or cranial

Question 66

bucca

Answer 66

cheek or buccal

Question 67

facies

Answer 67

face or facial

Question 68

auris

Answer 68

ear or otic

Question 69

nasus

Answer 69

nose or nasal

Question 70

cervicis

Answer 70

neck or cervical

Question 71

oris

Answer 71

mouth or oral

Question 72

mentis

Answer 72

chin or mental

Question 73

axilla

Answer 73

armpit or axillary

Question 74

brachium

Answer 74

arm or brachial

Question 75

antecubitis

Answer 75

front of elbow or antecubital

Question 76

antebrachium

Answer 76

forearm or antebrachial

Question 77

carpus

Answer 77

wrist or carpal

Question 78

pollex

Answer 78

thumb

Question 79

palma

Answer 79

palm or palmar

Question 80

digits (phalanges)

Answer 80

fingers or toes

Question 81

patella

Answer 81

kneecap

Question 82

crus

Answer 82

leg or crural

Question 83

tarsus

Answer 83

ankle or tarsal

Question 84

pes

Answer 84

foot or pedal

Question 85

thorcis or thorax

Answer 85

chest or thoracic

Question 86

mamma

Answer 86

breast or mammary

Question 87

umbilicus

Answer 87

navel or umbilical

Question 88

hip

Answer 88

coxal

Question 89

pelvis

Answer 89

pelvic

Question 90

inguen

Answer 90

groin or inguinal

Question 91

pubis

Answer 91

pubic

Question 92

femur

Answer 92

thigh or femoral

Question 93

acromial

Answer 93

shoulder

Question 94

cephalon

Answer 94

head or cephalic

Question 95

dorsum

Answer 95

back

Question 96

olecranon

Answer 96

back of elbow

Question 97

lumbus

Answer 97

loin or lumbar

Question 98

manus

Answer 98

hand or manual

Question 99

gluteus

Answer 99

butt

Question 100

popliteus

Answer 100

back of knee

Question 101

sura

Answer 101

calf or sural

Question 102

calcaneus

Answer 102

heel of foot

Question 103

planta

Answer 103

sole of foot

Question 104

intermediate

Answer 104

between a more medial and lore lateral structure

Question 105

parietal

Answer 105

pertaining to the wall of a body cavity

Question 106

visceral

Answer 106

pertaining to the covering of an organ

Question 107

ipsilateral

Answer 107

on the same side of body

Question 108

contralateral

Answer 108

on the opposite side of body

Question 109

hallux

Answer 109

big toe