A&P of Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the organs of the male reproductive system?

Answer 1

• Testes
• Accessory sex glands
• Several supporting structures

Question 2

What structures are included within the testes?

Answer 2

• Epididymis
• Ductus deferens (vas deferens)
• Ejaculatory ducts
• Urethra

Question 3

What are the accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system?

Answer 3

• Seminal Vesicles
• Prostate
• Bulbourethral glands

Question 4

What are the testes?

Answer 4

Paired oval glands that develop sperm and secrete hormones

Question 5

What are the structures/hormones within the testes?

Answer 5

• Lobules
• Seminiferous tubules
• Sertoli cells
• Leydig cells
• Androgen
• Testosterone

Question 6

What in the lobules extend inward and divides each testis into internal compartments?

Answer 6

Dense white fibrous capsule

Question 7

What structure produces sperm?

Answer 7

Seminiferous tubules

Question 8

What is the process to produce sperm?

Answer 8

Spermatogenesis

Question 9

What cells secrete testosterone and where is that structure located?

Answer 9

• Leydig cells

- located between sertoli cells

Question 10

What do sertoli cells produce?

Answer 10

• Support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells
• Phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells
• Secrete fluid for transport
• Release hormone inhibin

Question 11

What is the hormone that promotes development of masculine characteristics?

Answer 11

Androgen

Question 12

What promotes a man’s libido?

Answer 12

Testosterone

Question 13

What are some key characteristics of the scrotum?

Answer 13

• Pouch that supports the testes

- Septum divides scrotum into two sacks

Question 14

What is the optimal temperature for the production and survival of sperm?

Answer 14

About 2-3 degrees Celsius below normal body temperature

Question 15

What are the three stages of spermatogenesis?

Answer 15

• Meiosis I
• Meiosis II
• Spermiogenesis

Question 16

What are diploid cells?

Answer 16

Somatic cells that contain two sets of chromosomes

Question 17

When does Spermatogenesis begin?

Answer 17

• Begins during puberty and continues throughout life

- Contain diploid number of chromosomes (46)

Question 18

What is the timeframe from on-set of cell division of spermatogonium until sperm are released into lumen of seminiferous tubule?

Answer 18

65-75 days

Question 19

After spermatogonium undergo mitosis, where does one cell stay?

Answer 19

Near the basement membrane as spermatogonium

- stem cells remain for mitosis

Question 20

What does meiosis I begin and end with?

Answer 20

• Begins with diploid starting cell

- Ends with 2 cells with haploid number of chromosomes

Question 21

What happens during meiosis II?

Answer 21

Each of the two haploid cells from meiosis I divide

Question 22

What are spermatids?

Answer 22

Haploid cells formed during meiosis II

Question 23

What happens during spermiogenesis?

Answer 23

Haploid spermatid develops into single cell

Question 24

What rate are sperm produced and how long can they last?

Answer 24

• Rate of 300 million/day

- After ejaculated, lasts 48 hours in female reproductive tract

Question 25

What are the major parts of a sperm cell?

Answer 25

- Head | - Tail

Question 26

What does the head of a sperm cell contain?

Answer 26

- Nuclear material (DNA) | - Acrosome

Question 27

What is acrosome?

Answer 27

A vesicle containing enzymes that aid penetration by the sperm cell into a secondary oocyte

Question 28

The tail of a sperm cell is subdivided into what four parts?

Answer 28

- Neck - Middle piece - Principle piece - End piece

Question 29

What does the middle piece of the tail of a sperm cell contain?

Answer 29

Mitochondria that contain ATP for locomotion

Question 30

What is the longest portion of the tail of a sperm cell?

Answer 30

Principle piece

Question 31

What is the epididymis?

Answer 31

- Comma shaped organ that lies posterior border of the testis - Mostly of tightly coiled ductus epididymis

Question 32

What is the site of sperm maturation?

Answer 32

Ductus epididymis

Question 33

What does the ductus epididymis do?

Answer 33

- Store sperm - Propel sperm during into vas deferens - May remain in storage for several months

Question 34

The vas deferens has a heavy coat with how many layers of muscle?

Answer 34

Three

Question 35

In addition to storing sperm, the vas deferens does what?

Answer 35

Conveys sperm from epididymis toward urethra during sexual arousal by peristaltic contractions of the muscular coat

Question 36

What is the supporting structure of the male reproductive system?

Answer 36

Spermatic cord

Question 37

What is formed by a union of the duct from the vas deferens and seminal vesicles?

Answer 37

Ejaculatory ducts

Question 38

What does the urethra pass through?

Answer 38

- Prostate - Deep perineal muscles - Penis

Question 39

What are seminal vesicles?

Answer 39

Pouch-like structures lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum

Question 40

What do the seminal vesicles secrete?

Answer 40

Alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins

Question 41

What helps neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and female reproductive tract?

Answer 41

The alkaline nature of the fluid secreted from the seminal vesicles

Question 42

What contributes to sperm motility and viability?

Answer 42

Prostaglandins

Question 43

What helps the semen coagulate after ejaculation?

Answer 43

Clotting proteins

Question 44

What does the prostate secrete?

Answer 44

Milky, slightly acidic fluid (pH 6.5) that contains citric acid, acid phosphatase, and several protein-digesting enzymes (such as PSA)

Question 45

What are some percentages that make up semen?

Answer 45

- About 60% secreted from seminal vesicles | - About 25% secreted from prostate

Question 46

What are some characteristics of bulbourethral glands?

Answer 46

- Paired about size of peas - Located inferior to prostate on either side of urethra - Secrete alkaline urethra that protects passing sperm from acids - Secrete mucus to prevent sperm damage during ejaculation

Question 47

What is semen?

Answer 47

Mixture of secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

Question 48

What is the volume of semen in a typical ejaculation?

Answer 48

- 2.5-5 mL - 50-150 million sperm/mL - <20 million sperm/mL equals infertile

Question 49

What is the pH of sperm?

Answer 49

7.2-7.7

Question 50

Does semen contain an antibiotic that can destroy certain bacteria?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

The body of the penis is composed of what?

Answer 51

Three cylindrical mases of tissue

Question 52

What are the two dorsolateral masses of tissue of the penis called?

Answer 52

Corpora cavernosa penis

Question 53

What is the smaller midventral mass of tissue of the penis called?

Answer 53

Corpus Spongiosum penis, contains the urethra

Question 54

At the onset of puberty, the hypothalamus increase their secretion of what hormone?

Answer 54

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 55

What does Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete?

Answer 55

- Luteinizing hormone (LH) | - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 56

What does Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and negative feedback cycles control?

Answer 56

Leydig and Sertoli cells of the testes | - Stimulate spermatogenesis

Question 57

LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete what hormone?

Answer 57

Testosterone

Question 58

What acts together to stimulate spermatogenesis?

Answer 58

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone

Question 59

What inhibits the secretion of hormones needed for spermatogenesis?

Answer 59

Inhibin

Question 60

What stimulates the development of external genitalia?

Answer 60

Dihydrotestosterone

Question 61

What are anabolic hormones that stimulate protein synthesis?

Answer 61

Anabolic hormones