A&P Of The Respiratory System Flashcards
(32 cards)
What structures create the 3 borders of the thorax?
Anterior: sternum, costal cartilage and ribs
Posterior: 12 thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs and ribs
Lateral: ribs
What three parts make up the sternum?
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Describe the 12 pairs of ribs that make up the thorax.
1-7 (true ribs; attach to the sternum by costal cartilage)
8-10 (false ribs; do not reach the sternum as their cartilage attaches to the cartilage of the rib above)
11-12 (floating ribs; have no skeletal attachment)
List the ribs that articulate with only one vertebrate.
Ribs 1, 10, 11, 12
What muscles are considered the principle muscle of inspiration?
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
Contraction of the _____ causes the chest to _____ longitudinally and the _____ to elevate to allow for inspiration.
Diaphragm
Expand
Ribs
Contraction of the _____ and ______ muscles elevates the ribs.
External and internal intercostal muscles
List 5 accessory muscles of inspiration.
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Pectoralis minor
- Pectoralis major
- Serratous anterior
- Scalenes
How does exhalation occur during quite breathing?
Through the passive recoil of the lungs and rib cage
What 4 muscles are responsible for exhalation during forceful breathing?
- Rectus abdominis
- Transfers abdominis
- Internal oblique
- External oblique
What 3 structures make up the upper respiratory tract? What is their function?
Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx
Function: humidify, cool or warm inspired air and filter foreign matter before it reaches the alveoli
The lower respiratory tract extends from the ____ to the _____ in the lungs and consists of the ______ airways and ______ respiratory units.
Extends from the LARYNX to the ALVEOLI in the lungs
CONDUCTING airways and TERMINAL respiratory units
How many times do the airways divide between the trachea and alveoli?
23 times
The right lung has ___ lobes and the left lung has ___ lobes. The ____ of the left upper lobes is analogous to the right _____ lobe.
Right lung = 3 lobes
Left lung = 2 lobes
LINGULA analogous to the right MIDDLE lobe
Oxygen diffuses across the ____ into the _____ in the lung capillaries where it combines with ____ to be transported back to the heart. ______ diffuses in the opposite direction.
Alveolar-capillary septum
Red blood cells
Hemoglobin
CO2
A membranous serous sac called _____ covers each lung.
Visceral pleura
The pleural tissues covering the inner surfaces of the chest wall, ribs, vertebrae, diaphragm, and mediastinum is called _____.
Parietal pleura
What is responsible for innervating the smooth muscle of the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels?
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
Breathing control is achieved by integrated activity of the _____ in the _____ and the _____ in the lungs, airways, chest wall and blood vessels.
Central respiratory center in the brainstem
Peripheral receptors
What is the anatomic dead space (VD)?
The volume of air that occupies the non-respiratory conducting airways
What is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? ERV makes up ___% of total lung volume.
The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal title exhalation. ERV is approximately 15% of total long volume.
What is forced expiratory volume (FEV)?
The maximum volume of air exhaled in a specified period of time
What is forced vital capacity(FVC)?
The volume of air expired during forced maximal expiration after forced maximal inspiration
What is functional residual capacity (FRC)? How is it calculated? What percentage of total lung volume does FRC make up?
The volume of air in the lungs after normal exhalation
FRC = ERV + RV
40% of total lung volume
