A&P practical #2 Flashcards by Olivia Ford

What are the 4 muscles of the thorax, shoulder, and trunk?

Pectoralis major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominus

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Pectoralis major: origin

clavicle and sternum and costal cartilages 2-6

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Pectoralis major: insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

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Pectoralis major: action

prime mover of arm flexion, adduction and medial rotation of arm, elevates rib cage during deep inspiration

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Deltoid: origin

spine and acromion process of scapula, later 1/3 of clavicle

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deltoid: insertion

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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deltoid: action

prime mover of arm abduction, synergist in flexion, extension of arm

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Latissimus dorsi: origin

spines of T7-T12, ribs 8-12, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

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Latissimus dorsi: insertion

intertubercular groove of humerus

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Latissimus dorsi: action

prime arm extensor, adduction and medial rotation at the shoulder, depresses shoulder

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Rectus abdominus: origin

pubic symphysis, pubic crest

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rectus abdominis: insertion

xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

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rectus abdominus: action

trunk flexion, compresses, abdominal viscera, expiration

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What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles of the arm?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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supraspinatus: origin

supraspinous fossa

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supraspinatus: insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

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supraspinatus: action

shoulder abduction

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Infraspinatus: origin

infraspinous fossa

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infraspinatus: insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

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infraspinatus: action

externally/ laterally rotates

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teres minor: origin

lateral border of scapula

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teres minor: insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

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teres minor: action

externally/ laterally rotates

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subscapularis: origin

subscapular fossa

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subscapularis: insertion

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis: action

internally/ medially rotates

What are the 4 muscles of the arm?

biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

Biceps brachii: origin of long head

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

biceps brachii: origin of short head

coracoid process of scapula

biceps brachii: insertion

radial tuberosity

biceps brachii: action

major forearm flexor, supinates forearm, weak flexor of arm

triceps brachii: origin of long head

infraglenoid tubercle

triceps brachii: origin of lateral head

posterior superior humerus

triceps brachii: origin of medial head

posterior inferior humerus

Triceps brachii: insertion

olecranon process of ulna

triceps brachii: action

extends forearm

brachialis: origin

distal anterior humerus

brachialis: insertion

ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process

brachialis: action

flexes forearm

brachioradialis: origin

lateral epicondyle of humerus

brachioradialis: insertion

styloid process of radius

brachioradialis: action

forearm flexion

What are the 2 flexors and extensors of the arm?

extensor digitorum and flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor digitorum: origin

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor digitorum: insertion

posterior surface of distal phalanges 2-5

Extensor digitorum: action

prime finger extensor, extensor of hand

flexor carpi ulnaris: origin

medial epicondyle of humerus

flexor carpi ulnaris: insertion

pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

flexor carpi ulnaris: action

flexes and adducts wrist

What are the four important muscles of the head & neck?

masseter, sternocleidomastoid, temporalis, trapezius

masseter: origin

zygomatic arch

masseter: insertion

lateral surface of ramus of mandible

masseter: action

prime mover of mandibular elevation

sternocleidomastoid: origin

manubrium and medial end of clavicle

sternocleidomastoid: insertion

mastoid process of temporal bone

sternocleidomastoid: action

prime mover of skull flexion, side and tilts or laterally rotates skull toward same side

Temporalis: origin

temporal fossa, temporal fascia

temporalis: insertion

apex and medial surface of coronoid process of mandible

temporalis: action

elevates and retracts mandible

trapezius: origin

occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12

trapezius: insertion

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

trapezius: action

stabilizes, elevates, retracts, depresses, and/or rotates scapula forward

What are the 5 important muscles of the upper leg?

Tensor fascia lata, sartorius, gracilis, adductor longus, gluteus maximus

What are the two important muscles of the lower leg?

tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius

What is an important part of the quadricep?

rectus femoris

What is an important part of the hamstring?

biceps femoris

Tensor fascia lata: origin

ASIS and anterior part of iliac crest

tensor fascia lata: insertion

iliotibial tract

tensor fascia lata: action

hip abduction and internal/medial rotation, keeps pelvis level during SLS

Rectus femoris: origin

AIIs, superior margin of acetabulum

rectus femoris: insertion

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, patella

biceps femoris: action

thigh flexion, leg extension

biceps femoris: origin of long head

ischial tuberosity

biceps femoris: origin of short head

linea aspera and distal femur

biceps femoris: insertion

head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

biceps femoris: action

extension of thigh, flexion and lateral rotation of leg

Sartorius: origin

ASIS

Sartorius: insertion

medial proximal tibial shaft

sartorius: action

flexion and lateral rotation of thigh, flexion of leg

gracilis: origin

ramus and body of pubis

gracilis: insertion

medial proximal tibial shaft

gracilis: action

adduction of thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg

adductor longus: origin

body of pubis

adductor longus: insertion

middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur

adductor longus: action

adduction and flexion of hip

gluteus maximus: origin

dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and lumbodorsal fascia

gluteus maximus: insertion

gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

gluteus maximus: action

major thigh extensor, lateral rotation of thigh

tibialis anterior: origin

superior 1/2 of the tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane

tibialis anterior: insertion

plantar surface of medial foot

tibialis anterior: action

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

gastrocnemius: origin of lateral head

lateral condyle of femur

gastrocnemius: origin of medial head

medial condyle of femur

gastrocnemius: insertion

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

gastrocnemius: action

plantar flexion and leg flexion

A&P practical #2 Flashcards

(95 cards)