A & P Unit 1: The Human Body

Question 1

Define the term anatomy.

Answer 1

It studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.

Question 2

Define the term physiology.

Answer 2

Concerns the function of the body; how body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

Question 3

What is gross (macroscopic) anatomy? Give 3 examples of gross anatomy.

Answer 3

The study of large body structures that are visible to the naked eye, like the heart, kidneys, and lungs

Question 4

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 4

Structures in a particular region of the body are examined at the same time (muscles, bones, blood vessels, and nerves)

Question 5

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 5

Body structures that are studied system by system.

Question 6

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 6

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface (ex: identifying bulging muscles underneath a body builder’s skin)

Question 7

What is microscopic anatomy?

Answer 7

Structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 8

Name two subdivisions of microscopic anatomy.

Answer 8

1) Cytology- cells of the body
2) Histology- the study of tissues

Question 9

What is developmental anatomy?

Answer 9

It traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Question 10

Name a subdivision of developmental anatomy.

Answer 10

Embryology- concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

Question 11

True or False. Anatomical terminology is used so that people can name its parts and describe how they are related so that other people will have no trouble understanding you.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What are the 3 subdivisions of physiology? Describe what each subdivision does.

Answer 12

1) Renal Physiology: concerns kidney function and urine production
2) Neurophysiology: explains the workings of the nervous system
3) Cardiovascular Physiology: examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

Question 13

True or False. Physiology often focuses on events at the cellular or molecular level.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the quote for the Complementarity of Structure?

Answer 14

“Function always reflects structure”

Question 15

List the structural levels of the human body (in order).

Answer 15

1) Chemical Level –> Cellular Level –> Tissue Level –> Organ Level –> Organ System –> Organismal Level

Question 16

What is the simplest level of the structural hierarchy? (hint: atoms combine to form molecules, like water and proteins)

Answer 16

Chemical level

Question 17

What level contains the smallest unit of living things?

Answer 17

Cellular level

Question 18

What level contains groups of similar cells that have a common function (tissues)?

Answer 18

Tissue level

Question 19

What are the 4 basic tissue types? (Hint: “Every Man Can Nag”)

Answer 19

1) Epithelial Tissue
2) Muscular Tissue
3) Connective Tissue
4) Nervous Tissue

Question 20

At what level does extremely complex functions become possible?

Answer 20

Organ level

Question 21

At what level does organs work together to accomplish a common purpose?

Answer 21

Organ system level

Question 22

What is the highest level of organization? (hint: human beings)

Answer 22

Organismal level

Question 23

What does a highly organized human do?

Answer 23

1) Maintain boundaries
2) Movement
3) Responsiveness/Excitability
4) Digestion
5) Metabolism
6) Excretion
7) Reproduce
8) Grow

Question 24

True or false. Maintaining boundaries occurs when humans’ internal environment remains distinct from the external environment.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Name the 2 subdivisions of movement.

Answer 25

1) Skeletal System 2) Contractility

Question 26

True or False. Responsiveness or Excitability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the process of breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood called?

Answer 27

Digestion

Question 28

What are chemical reactions that occur within the body cells called? (Hint: "it is a state of change")

Answer 28

Metabolism

Question 29

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Answer 29

Catabolism- breaks down substances into simpler building blocks Anabolism- synthesizes more complex substances from simpler building blocks

Question 30

What is the process of removing wastes from the body called?

Answer 30

Excretion

Question 31

What levels do reproduction occur at?

Answer 31

Cellular and Organismal Level

Question 32

True or False. Growth is a decrease in the size of a body part of organism as a whole

Answer 32

False. Growth is an INCREASE in the size of a body part or organism as a whole

Question 33

What is the ultimate goal of the body systems?

Answer 33

To maintain life via survival needs

Question 34

List the survival needs of the human body.

Answer 34

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body temperature, and Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 35

What percentage of the air we breathe is oxygen?

Answer 35

20%

Question 36

What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?

Answer 36

Water

Question 37

What is the rate at which normal body temperature should be maintained?

Answer 37

37 degrees Celsius/ 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 38

How is homeostasis maintained? A) Positive Feedback or B) Negative Feedback

Answer 38

B) Negative Feedback

Question 39

True or False. Homeostasis is the ability to maintain relatively stable conditions even though the outside world changes continuosly.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the term for a factor or event being regulated?

Answer 40

Variable

Question 41

List all of the components of the Homeostatic Control Center

Answer 41

Stimulus --> Receptor --> Input sent along Afferent pathway --> Control Center --> Receives output along the Efferent pathway --> Effector --> Response = B A L A N C E