A&P2

Question 1

Which of the following is a primary sex organ?

Answer 1

Ovary

Question 2

Which of the following is a secondary sex organ?

Answer 2

Vagina

Question 3

When cold, the surface area of the scrotum is reduced to conserve heat. The _______ muscle is responsible for this apparent “shrinkage”.

Answer 3

dartos

Question 4

What is the site of spermatogenesis?

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules

Question 5

The foreskin enclosing the most distal region of the penis, and which is often removed at birth, is the:

Answer 5

glans penis

Question 6

Relaxin in semen does what?

Answer 6

Enhances sperm motility

Question 7

What is the human haploid number?

Answer 7

23

Question 8

Gonatropin-releasing hormone is produced in and secreted from the:

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

Which layer of the ovary is where gametes are formed?

Answer 9

cortex

Question 10

Which ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 10

ovarian ligament

Question 11

Which oogenetic cells divide by mitosis?

Answer 11

oogonia

Question 12

What is the developmental stage of the developing gamete within a secondary follicle?

Answer 12

primary oocyte

Question 13

Progesterone and estrogen levels are not adequate to support a pregnancy within the uterus. This could be due to a failure of which reproductive structure?

Answer 13

corpus luteum

Question 14

Which uterine layer receives and nourishes a developing embryo?

Answer 14

endometrium

Question 15

Which uterine layer expels the full-term fetus from the reproductive tract?

Answer 15

myometrium

Question 16

The labia majora are homologous to the _______ in males.

Answer 16

scrotum

Question 17

What is the reproductive gland in males that is homologous to the greater vestibular gland in males?

Answer 17

bulbourethral gland

Question 18

The clitoris in females is homologous to which structure in males?

Answer 18

glans penis

Question 19

What is the hormone that stimulates the thecal cells to secrete androgen?

Answer 19

LH

Question 20

During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle, rising levels of _____ increase vascularization of the endometrium and prepare it for implantation and pregnancy.

Answer 20

progesterone

Question 21

Which uterine phase is characterized by lowest levels of estrogen and progesterone, during which the majority of the endometrium is shed and passed out of the body?

Answer 21

menstrual phase

Question 22

During the follicular phase, granulosa cells are stimulated by rising levels of _____ and cause follicular ______ in response.

Answer 22

FSH, growth

Question 23

In this figure, what is indicated by A?

Answer 23

ovulation

Question 24

In this figure, what stage is the gamete in at A?

Answer 24

meosis II

Question 25

Mammary glands are evolved from _______.

Answer 25

sweat glands

Question 26

What do myoepithelial cells regulate in mammary glands?

Answer 26

milk letdown

Question 27

GnRH directly stimulates the release of:

Answer 27

FSH

Question 28

Acromegaly is caused by over secretion of ______ once epiphyseal plates are closed.

Answer 28

GH

Question 29

After childbirth, skin-to-skin contact and suckling drive a positive feedback that causes the release of _______. This hormone aids in maternal bonding, pair bonding, and causes milk let down.

Answer 29

oxytocin

Question 30

Most hormonal contraceptives maintain estrogen and ______ at intermediate levels to trick the HPG axis, thus preventing ovulation.

Answer 30

progesterone

Question 31

Which of the following embryonic structures will only develop into male reproductive ducts?

Answer 31

Wolffian ducts

Question 32

Which of the following hormones form a hormone-receptor complex to affect the target cell?

Answer 32

testosterone

Question 33

Which of the following hormones utilizes a secondary messenger to affect the target cell?

Answer 33

oxytocin

Question 34

What will happen to a hormone’s response if the hormone concentration remains the same, the binding affinity remains the same, but the receptors are up-regulated?

Answer 34

increased response

Question 35

Blood calcium is decreased, causing a change in parathyroid hormone secretion. What type of stimulus caused this change in hormone secretion?

Answer 35

humoral

Question 36

Which component of the pituitary is mainly composed of neural tissue?

Answer 36

posterior

Question 37

The hypophyseal portal system conveys hormones from the hypothalamus to the ________.

Answer 37

anterior pituitary

Question 38

What is the connecting stalk between the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus?

Answer 38

infundibulum

Question 39

Which thyroid hormone is the most potent form that affects metabolic rate?

Answer 39

T3

Question 40

Grave’s disease is an autoimmune disease that produces antibodies that mimic:

Answer 40

TSH

Question 41

The corpus spongiosum is the most abundant erectile tissue and it is generally responsible for maintaining an erection.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

During meiosis, crossing over occurs at synapses. This process is unique to sexual reproduction and involves the swapping of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The seminal vesicles secrete a slightly acidic fluid that activates the sperm and is ~ 20-30% of semen volume.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

An erection is a parasympathetic response to arousal.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by sexually-transmitted infections.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Ecotopic pregnancies occur when an embryo successfully implants in the endometrium.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

Troponin is a type of hormone that causes a subsequent hormone release.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

The presence of an SRY gene causes an embryo to develop into a female.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

Exocrine glands contain ducts and secrete many different components, such as saliva and digestive enzymes.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Lipid-soluble hormones have their effect by directly changing gene transcription.

Answer 50

True