A-thematic Verbs

Question 1

Class II verbs
अदािद(-गण)

Answer 1

endings are added directly to the root. No additional affixes are used.
Example: √इ ‘to go’: 1st Sg एमि ‘I go’, 1st Pl इमः ‘we go’

Question 2

Class III verbs
जुहोत्यािद (-गण)

Answer 2

the root is reduplicated (see below on ‘Reduplication (Class III verbs)’). No
other affixes are added. Example: √हु ‘to sacrifice’: 1st Sg जुहोमि, 1st Pl जुहुम

Question 3

Class V roots
स्वािद(-गण)

Answer 3

add the suffix -no- (strong)/-nu- (weak) after the root.
Example: √आप् ‘to obtain, get’: 1st Sg आप्नोमि, 1st Pl आप्नुमः

Question 4

Class VII roots
रुधािद(-गण)

Answer 4

add strong -na-/weak -n- into the verbal root (directly before the root-final
consonant)

Question 5

Class VIII roots
तनािद(-गण)

Answer 5

add strong -o-/weak -u- after the root.
Example: √तन् ‘to stretch’: 1st Sg तनोमि, 1st Pl तनुमः
The -u- of the 1st Du and Pl may be dropped, giving the alternatives तनुवः or तन्वः and
तनुमः or तन्मः. (As most of the few existing Class VIII roots end in -n, they effectively
look identical to Class V verbs.)

Question 6

Class IX roots क्र्यािद(-गण)

Answer 6

add the suffix -nā- in the strong forms, -nī- in weak forms whose endings
begin with a consonant, and -n- in weak forms whose endings begin with a vowel (i.e.
in the 3rd Pl).
Example: √वृ ‘to choose’: 1st Sg वृणामि (on n > ṇ –› Chapter 6), 1st Pl वृणीमः, 3rd Pl वृणन्ति