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COMPTIA A+ > A+ Ytube > Flashcards

A+ Ytube Flashcards

1
Q

DIMM is another term for

A

RAM

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2
Q

PCI/PCIE is another term for

A

GPU

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3
Q

RTC Coin cell is another term for

A

CMOS battery

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4
Q

PATA/IDE are

A

Legacy ports used for optical drives

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5
Q

How many SATA ports are average

A

2-4 average 6 if fancy

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6
Q

What are the 3 serial cables

A

RS232,DB-9, COM

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7
Q

What are passive cables

A

Cables with 2 different ends.
Ex. Serial end connecting to laptop and the console end connecting to system

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8
Q

What are active cables

A

Cables that translates different interface types

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9
Q

Oldest to newest cables

A
  1. VGA
  2. DVI
  3. HDMI
  4. DisplayPort
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10
Q

What is low line PSU voltage

A

100-172

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11
Q

What is high line PSU voltage

A

220-240

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12
Q

What are the 2 pin types for P1 connectors

A

20-pins and 24-pins

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13
Q

Near what do you connect the P4 connector

A

CPU

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14
Q

RAID 0

A
  1. Striping
  2. Speed
  3. No redundancy/ fault tolerance
  4. Requires 2 hard drives
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15
Q

RAID 1

A
  1. Mirroring
  2. Slower than RAID 0
  3. Fault tolerance
  4. Requires 2 or more hard drives
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16
Q

RAID 5

A
  1. Bit Parity
  2. As fast as RAID 0
  3. Fault tolerance like RAID 1
  4. Minimum of 3 hard drives required
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17
Q

What is ECC good for

A

Preventing BSOD and typically used in server rooms

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18
Q

What is zero insertion force (ZFI) CPU’s

A

Requires only turning the CPU clockwise to align preventing possible damage

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19
Q

What is a land grid array (LGA) CPU?

A

When the pins are on the motherboard (INTEL)

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20
Q

What is a pin grid array (PGA) CPU?

A

When the pins are located on the CPU (AMD)

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21
Q

What is step 1 of troubleshooting

A

Identify the problem

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22
Q

What is step 2 of troubleshooting

A

Establish a theory

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23
Q

What is step 3 of troubleshooting

A

Test the theory

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24
Q

What is step 4 of troubleshooting

A

Establish an action plan

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25
What is step 5 of troubleshooting
Verify full system functionality
26
What is step 6 of troubleshooting
Document findings
27
What is POST?
Power-on self-testing
28
6 possible reasons for blackscreen?
1. Failed firmware update 2. Faulty cable 3. Faulty connector 4. Faulty device 5. Faulty PSU 6. Faulty CPU
29
How to identify beep codes?
Check the motherboard brand and look up beep codes
30
What are 5 things that can be used as the boot device?
1. Hard drive 2. Memory drive 3. USB 4. DVD 5. Over the network
31
What are 3 reasons for a boot issue?
1. Failed boot sequence 2. Failed power connector 3. Failed data connector
32
What can be the reason for a damaged boot sector
Damage to boot/partition records
33
What are 3 reason for OS crashes and errors?
1. OS Failure 2. Hardware Failure 3. Driver Failure
34
What can be the reason for "No boot device found"?
An issue with the main hard drive
35
What can be the reason for a BSOD/Memory dump/Stop error?
1. Ram failed 2. Hard drive failed
36
What are 4 reasons for intermitted shutdown/ application crashes?
1. Faulty Hardware 2. Faulty Software 3. Faulty Drivers 4. Updates
37
What can you do to fix overheating and burning smells?
1. Clean with compressed air 2. Verify airflow 3. Check the thermal paste 4. Ensure the fans are not blocked
38
What are 2 symptoms of overheating?
1. Burning smell 2. CPU throttling
39
What is considered physical damage?
1. Bent pins 2. Damaged cables 3. Damaged connectors 4. Damaged component adapter seating 5. Capacitor swelling
40
What is the CMOS battery for?
1. Keeps track of time 2. Keeps track of the boot order sequence
41
Where do you connect a NIC on a desktop?
An expansion slot
42
What is a network hub?
Used to send signals to multiple devices
43
What are the negative features of a Wi-Fi hub?
1. Sends signals out of all ports 2. Slower overall performance with each device connected 3. Half- duplex 10/100 Mbps 4. Ethernet only
44
What is a network switch?
Forwards traffic to a specific destination using the recievers MAC address
45
Why is a network switch better than a network hub?
Allows each port to operate full speed at full-duplex
46
What is an unmanaged switch?
1. A switch with no configuration 2. Cheaper than a managed switch
47
What is a managed switch?
1. A switch that has to be configured 2. More expensive than a managed switch 3. Has a web or command line interface
48
What is PoE and what devices use it?
1. Sends power over an ethernet cable 2. APs and VoIP phones
49
What is a UTP?
1. A unshielded twisted pair of wire 2. Has 4 twisted pairs of wires to prevent interference 3. Max rage of 100 meters
50
What is a STP?
1. A shielded twisted pair of wire 2. Either 1 outer foil around all pairs or has 1 outer foil and 4 smaller foils around each pair
51
What is a CAT 5's highest speed?
100 Mbps
52
What is a CAT 5e's highest speed?
1 Gbps
53
What is a CAT 6's highest speed?
1 Gbps but more range than a 5e
54
What is a CAT 6a's highest speed?
10 Gbps
55
What does POTS stand for?
Plain old telephone
56
What is an RJ11?
Telephone cable (POTS)
57
What is a crimper used for?
To cut and install new heads on cables
58
What is a punchdown tool used for?
To lock cables into a patch panel or into a wall box
59
What is a toner probe used for?
Identifying cables
60
What is a single-mode fiber cable used for?
1. Long distances 2. Can be used outside
61
What is a multi-mode fiber cable used for?
1. Short distance 2. Used indoors
62
What is the coaxial cable connector called?
F- Connector
63
What Wi-Fi standard does an AP use?
IEEE 802.11
64
What devices is 802.11a typically used for and what at what speed?
1. Routers and APs 2. 5GHz/54 Mbps
65
What is 802.11b typically used for and what is it's speeds?
1. Bluetooth 2. 2.4GHz/11 Mbps
66
What is 802.11g typically used for and what is it's speeds?
1. Routers and APs (MOST USED 802.11 standard) 2. 2.4 GHz/54 Mbps
67
What is 802.11n typically used for and what is it's speeds?
1. Long range communication 2. 2.4 GHz or 5GHz/ All Mbps- Increases by 150 Mbps per channel
68
What disrupts 2.4 GHz channels?
1. Microwaves 2. Landline cordless phones 3. Baby monitors
69
How and what is an AP used for?
1. Extending an existing network 2. Plug a network cable into the back 3. Bridging a wired network through a switch 4. Interconnecting wireless clients
70
What does the .11 in 802.11 mean?
Its wireless
71
How many bits are in an IPV4 IP?
32 bits
72
How many Octets are in an IPV4 IP?
4 octets
73
What is a public IP?
An IP that is routable across the internet.
74
What is a private IP?
An IP that is restricted to a local network.
75
What are characteristics of a Class C IP?
1. 192.168.0.0 2. /24 3. Subnet- 255.255.255.0
76
What are characteristics of a Class B IP?
1. 172.16.0.0 2. /16 3. Subnet- 255.255.0.0
77
What are characteristics of a Class A IP?
1. 10.0.0.0 2. /8 3. Subnet- 255.0.0.0
78
What is the IP for APIPA?
1. 169.254.X.X
79
What is an APIPA IP?
1. It is a device that is not able to get an IP address through the DHCP. 2. Since the device does not have an IP address it is unable to connect to the Internet. 3. Only when it is able to get an available IP will the device be able to connect to the Internet.
80
What is a subnet mask?
Used to differentiate the network portion and the host portion.
81
What is a Static/Fixed/Manual IP address?
It is an address that will never change unless someone manually changes it.
82
What is a Dynamic IP address?
1. An automatic IP because of DHCP.
83
What does DHCP stand for?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
84
What devices typically get a dynamic IP/ utilizes DHCP?
Routers
85
What is a DHCP Scope?
1. It is the range of IP addresses that you try to get. 2. Start to end.
86
What is a DHCP Lease?
History/logging of DHCP IPs.
87
What is a DHCP Reservation?
Reserved IPs for reserved devices.
88
What is a DHCP Exclusion?
Blocked IPs.
89
What does DNS do?
1. Converts names to IPs and IPs to names. 2. Like a phonebook/GPS.
90
What is the command to remove the DNS cache?
1. Command Prompt 2. ipconfig/flushdns
91
What type of switch is typically used to set up a VLAN?
A managed switch
92
What steps do you take to configure a managed switch?
1. Open a browser page 2. Type in the switch IP 3. Login to the device 4. Configure
93
By default, what VLAN channel are you on with an unmanaged switch?
VLAN 1
94
What is a VPN used for?
Encrypted tunnels to a private network.
95
What is a web server used for?
Managing websites and web applications.
96
What does HTTP stand for?
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
97
What is port 80?
HTTP
98
What is port 443?
HTTPS
99
What port is POP3?
Port 110
100
What port is IMAP?
Port 143
101
what port is SMTP?
Legacy- 25 Updated- 587
102
What is authentication?
1. Something you have 2. Something you know 3. Something you are 4. Somewhere you are 5. Something you are doing 6. Pin 7. Bank info
103
What is authorization?
1. Checking the level of access/privilege you have
104
What is accounting?
Keeping track/log of everything
105
106
What is PuTTY used for?
Used to remotely access a terminal server.
107
What is Telnet used for?
Used to remotely access a terminal server but it is unsecure.
108
What port is Telnet on?
Port 23
109
What is SSH?
A secure remote terminal emulation.
110
What port is SSH on?
Port 22
111
What is port is RDP on?
3389
112
What is RDP?
GUI-based host access and control.
113
What is a proxy server used for?
1. Managing user access from a local network to internet/websites 2. Content filtering 3. Time restrictions
114
What is a firewall used for?
1. Block websites 2. Block spam
115
What is an IDS and what is it used for?
1. Intrusion detection system 2. Tracks weird/out of the ordinary behavior
116
117
What is a spam gateway?
On-premise software solution for filtering emails.
118
What is a content filter?
1. Like a proxy server 2. Can block or allow websites at a certain time
119
What is a DLP?
Data leak/loss prevention system
120
What is UTM?
1. Unified Threat Management 2. Basically a firewall
121
What is a legacy system?
1. Vendor is longer active 2. Product is no longer supported 3. End of life for a system
122
What is a risk of using legacy systems?
Unpatched vulnerabilities
123
What are parts of IoT?
1. Smart Speaker 2. Smartphone app 3. Smart lights 4. Smart curtains 5. Smart Fridges 6. Smart TVs
124
125
What are the three proper steps to troubleshoot a wireless issue?
1. Verify configuration and make sure it is supported 2. Check frequency strength- ensure its not flapping 3. Check to see if there is another wireless channel on same frequency to make sure there is no interference
126
What are the three proper steps to troubleshoot limited connectivity
1. Check notification in OS- improper IP- Static vs Dynamic 2. Establish the scope of the issue- 1 device or more? 3. Verify local network host- ensure they are connected to the right switch- ensure the switch port is configured with the correct virtual LAN.
127
What is a hypervisor?
Software used to create and run Virtual Machines (VMs)
128
What is a hyperV?
Microsoft's version of Virtual Machines (VMs)
129
What do you need to worry about when setting up a VM?
1. Resource allocation 2. Emulation 3. Guest O/S
130
What can you use a VM for on the client side?
1. Sandboxes 2. Legacy apps/OS 3. Testing software across platforms 4. Training
131
What can you use a VM for on the server side?
1. Better hardware utilization and flexibility
132
What can you use a VM for on an application for?
1. Installing software to a server and to stream to clients
133
What is container virtualization?
Looks just like a VM but it does not have its own OS.
134
What do you need to keep in mind when running a VM?
1. Ensure the CPU supports it 2. Ensure OS supports 3. Ensure it has a lot of RAM 4. Ensure it has a lot of storage 5. Ensure it has a good network connection
135
What are the VM security requirements?
1. Guest OS security- updates/anti-malware 2. Host security- ensure hardware doesn't fail 3. Hypervisor security- manage patches- ensure updated- isolate hosts from guests and guests from other guests
136
What is the Cloud?
Data on another property- 3rd party keeping data for you
137
What is a private cloud?
Your own company's cloud
138
What is a hybrid cloud?
Half on your server and half on another company's server
139
What is a public cloud?
100% of data on someone else property.
140
What is an example of IaaS?
Using a VM on Microsoft Azure
141
What is an example of PaaS?
Using AD on Azure
142
What is an exmple of SaaS?
Using Office365 web version (M365 E1)
143
What is the difference between cloud and on-premise?
1. Cloud more reliable- cheaper 2. On premise is not as reliable- more expensive
144
What are cloud characteristics?
1. Metered utilization 2. High availability- 99% uptime 3. Scalability- flexible- can upgrade or degrade quickly 4. Rapid elasticity- can use a lot or a little based of what you need 5. Shared resources
145
What is a digitizer?
1. First layer of a mobile devices screen 2. The screen that registers your touch
146
What is a gyroscope?
1. Detects what direction the phone is so it can rotate
147
What is tethering?
1. Connecting a device to another device for internet 2. Hotspot
148
What is MDM?
Mobile device management
149
What is MDM used for?
1. Authentication policies 2. Compliance policies 3. Control device features 4. Remote device reset/wipe
150
What is a SODIMM?
Laptop RAM
151
What is the size difference between a SODIMM and desktop RAM?
SODIMM is 2/3s the size
152
What is the steps for liquid damage of devices?
1. Turn it off 2. Open the device as much as possible to let it dry 3. Leave it sitting for 2-7 days in rice
153
What to do if laptop screen isn't working?
Use an external screen to see if broken
154
How does a digitizer sense your finger?
Heat from your finger
155
What do you need to pay attention to before buying a printer?
1. Speed 2. Resolution 3. Paper handling 4. Finishing options
156
What is PPM for printers?
Pages per minute
157
What do you need to keep in mind when setting up a printer?
1. Ensure the cable and power reaches 2. Ensure the environment is good, make sure it can be noisy. 3. Access and security consideration
158
What are the 3 ways you can set up a printer?
1. USB- ensure there is a cable with printer 2. Ethernet cable 3. Wireless
159
What 7 things can you configure in printer preference?
1. Size 2. Quality 3. Source 4. Type of paper 5. Ink options 6. Duplexing 7. Orientation
160
What is a printer server?
Printer is attached to network and clients connect directly
161
What is printer sharing?
1. Printer is attached to a PC host and managed by the PC host 2. Print queue is managed by the PC host 3. Host can share printer using the name/IP address
162
How do you share your printer?
1. Control panel 2. Printer properties 3. Sharing- enable 4. Guest connects to printer
163
What are three printer securities?
1. User authentication- Pin/Password 2. Secured print- Badging 3. Audit log- history of print jobs
164
What three things do you need to maintain in a laser printer?
1. Toner- cartridge- seals 2. Media types 3. Storage
165
What ink does a inkjet printer use?
1. Liquid ink- reusable cartridge 2. Works 3-4 times
166
What do you need to keep in mind when changing toner cartridge for a laser printer?
1. Packing strips 2. Recycling
167
How do you clean a laser printer?
1. Clean using cloth 2. Clean using alcohol 3. Check rollers
168
How does a laser printer work?
1. Printer lays out toner (powder) onto paper 2. Printer heats up powder and paper absorbs
169
What maintenance features does an inkjet printer have?
1. Nozzle check 2. Head cleaning 3. Print head alignment 4. Ink cartridge replacement 5. Paper guide cleaning
170
How does a thermal printer work?
1. Heats up wax ink 2. Paper absorbs ink
171
How to clean thermal printer?
1. Replace paper roll 2. Clean near paper roll
172
How does an impact printer work?
1. Gears push paper with holes 2. Tear paper off printer 3. Uses ribbon paper
173
What are printer connectivity troubleshooting steps for when a printer is not printing?
1. Verify power and status on control panel 2. Check removable components- cartridges and service panel 3. Try printing a test page 4. Power cycle printer 5. Inspect cables and connectors
174
What are four printer feed troubleshooting steps?
1. Identify the paper jam location-release paper 2. Check for improper page sizes 3. Check rollers 4. Reset cartridge and rollers
175
What troubleshooting steps should you take for faded print?
Replace toner cartridge
176
What troubleshooting steps should you take for blank pages?
1. Application/driver issue 2. Ensure the packing seals are not left on the cartridge
177
What troubleshooting steps should you take for white stripes down the page?
1. Check the toner distribution 2. Replace the transfer roller
178
What troubleshooting steps should you take for black strips or a whole black page?
1. Check power supply 2. Check toner cartridge
179
What troubleshooting steps should you take for speckling on pages?
Clean inside the printer
180
What printer troubleshooting steps should you take if there are horizontal or vertical lines on a page?
Clean or replace feed rollers
181
What printer troubleshooting steps should you take if there is no toner fused to the paper?
Replace fuser unit
182
What printer troubleshooting steps should you take if there is ghost/echo images on a page?
Replace the imaging drum
183
What printer troubleshooting steps should you take if there is missing color on a page?
1. Check to make sure youre not missing a cartridge 2. Ensure the cartridge is registered

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