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A-Z Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Ayatollah Komeini

A

Leader of Islamic Revolution

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2
Q

Asymmetrical federalism

A

Type of federalism practiced in Russia - each region is bound to the state through treaties that are different from each other

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3
Q

Assembly of Religious Experts

A

86 member religious body in Iran that has the power to select and remove Supreme Leader

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4
Q

Austerity

A

Tightening the economic belt in a country

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5
Q

Boko Haram

A

Muslim terrorist group in Nigeria

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6
Q

Bureaucrats

A

Unelected officials in government who carry out the day to day business

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7
Q

Basij

A

Volunteer army in Iran/mortality police

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8
Q

Bicameral

A

Legislature with two houses

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9
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Structural organization charged with carrying out the polices determined by those with political authority

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10
Q

Coinciding cleavages

A

When two groups disagree on everything

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11
Q

Cross cutting cleavages

A

When two groups disagree on somethings but agree on others

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12
Q

Chechyna

A

Muslim region of Russia that has wished to secede

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13
Q

Chiapas

A

Southern Region of Mexico that has rebelled against NAFTA

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14
Q

Civil Society

A

Ability to organize, join groups without interference from government

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15
Q

Cultural revolution

A

Iran and China both experienced this when getting rid of the old regimes

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16
Q

Deng Xiaopint

A

Chinese leader who introduced market socialism and the one child policy

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17
Q

Democratic Civilization

A

In Communist parties within the party - selecting leaders for above/supervising below, discussion can happen at all levels but once the decision has been made all must fall in line

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18
Q

Devolution

A

Decentralizing government in a unitary system

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19
Q

Ejidos

A

Land plots in Mexico that give farmers the right to farm land/can be passed down and recently have the right to sell

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20
Q

Efficacy

A

Level to which citizens feel like their voice will be heard/vote counts

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21
Q

Expediency Council

A

Group in Iran set up to settle disputes between legislature and guardian council

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22
Q

Free and fair

A

Competitive elections that are absent of fraud, everyone is allowed to vote

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23
Q

Factions

A

Reforms and Conservatives in Iran are examples of these

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24
Q

Federalist

A

Mexico, Russia and Nigeria are all this type of state

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25
Foreign direct investment
Putting money into businesses or factories in another country
26
Gini Coefficient
Measures inequality in a country
27
Gorbachev
Leader of Russia who tried to reform USSR but instead saw its dissolution
28
Guardian Council
Group in Iran responsible for vetting candidates
29
Glasnost
Policy of openness in Russia under Gorbachev
30
Guanxi
Having good business relations in China... It's not always what you know but who you know
31
Household Responsibility Syste
New way of working farmland after the communes in China
32
Hukuo
Household residency permit in China, used as a form of social control
33
Inquisitorial
Type of court system where you do not have a lawyer arguing for you you may even be found guilty before entering the court room high conviction rates
34
Iron Rice Bowl
Cradle to grave benefits that were promised to Chinese citizens during the Maoist era
35
Import Substitution
Mexico used this to break away from other countries who had an economic foothold in Mexico. It involves the sue of subsidizing resources to companies and discouraging imports through the use of high tariffs and quotas
36
Jurist guardianship
Khomeini's concept that the Iranian clergy should rule on the grounds that they are the divinely appointed guardians of both the rule of law and the people
37
Khordokovsky
One of the oligarchs imprisoned in Russia because of his perceived threat to the government
38
Keynesian
Named after a British economist, this policy strives for full employment and may use the stimulus packages to keep the economy moving
39
Law Lords
Before the Supreme Court in Britian was formed this group served as the highest court in the land
40
Legitimacy
Right to rule as determined by the citizens
41
Majles
Legislature in Iran
42
Monetarism
Economic policy used by Margaret Thatcher which stated that there was a natural rate of unemployment
43
Neoliberalism
Economic policy that supports privatization and marketization
44
Nigeria
This country was ravaged by many coups
45
NAFTA
This agreement set of Chipas Rebellion in 1994
46
Nashi
Russian youth group very loyal to Putin
47
Nationalization
Government ownership of resources
48
Obasanjo
Tried to change the constitution so that he could serve another term, when this failed he named himself chairman of the PDP for life and tried to rig the election
49
Obrador
After losing the 2006 election by the narrowest of margins, he declared himself to be the real president of Mexico
50
Oligarchs
Wealthy men who had great influence on Russia's government under Yeltsin
51
PRI, PAN, PRD
Three major political parties in Mexico
52
Prebendalism
Type of patron-clientism system in Nigeria
53
Parastala
PEMEX is the largest of these in Mexico
54
PR
Voting system in which parties decide on who will be seated and the number of seats are distributed according to the percentage of votes
55
Perestrokia
Policy of restructuring the economic system Gorbachev
56
Pussy Riot
Dissident Punk Rock band in Russia
57
Power vertical
Putins system of centralizing Power
58
Pact for Mexico
Enrique Pena Nieto south to being all 3 major parties in Mexico together to work on reforms
59
Porfirio Diaz
The overthrow of this dictator in Mexico set off the Mexican revolution
60
Parliamentary sovereignty
Legislative authority to pass laws in Britian, no real judicial review
61
Quangos
These are non-elect bodies outside the traditional British government that have considerable influence over public policy in areas such as education, health care and housing
62
Revolution
For this to happen, some perceived wrong has to be committed
63
Regime
Laws and norms of a state - system of governance
64
Rentier State
Type of state that relies on the export of oil or other natural resources
65
Revolution of rising expectations
In Iran this was expemplified by the drop in oil prices and rise in consumer goods - it sparked the Iranian revolutio
66
Super districts
Putin created seven of these to oversee the individual regions of Russia
67
Standing Committee
High level of decision making by 7-9 people in China takes place in this body
68
Theocracy
Type of government system in Iran
69
Unitary
Iran, China and Britain are all this type of state
70
Unicameral
Iran and China have this type of legislature
71
Vanguard
Political party that claims to operate in the "true" interests of the group it purports to represent, even if this understanding doesn't correspond to the expressed interest of the group itself
72
Villages
Only place in China to have real elections
73
Vladimir
Lenin and Putin
74
Welfare state
Set of public policies designed to proved for citizens' needs through direct or indirect provisions of pensions, healthcarem unemployment insurance and assistance to the poor
75
Westminister
Model of parliamentary democracy
76
Xinjiang
Region of China where Muslim Uyghers live
77
Xi Jingping
New general secretary/president of China
78
Yaobang
His death was a spark that led to the Tiananmen square incident
79
Zapatistas
Group of rebels led by Subcommandante Marcos

AP GOV POL (5 decks)

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