A1 Flashcards
(42 cards)
what is meant by the term growth
an increase in some measured quantity eg. height / weight (MEASURED)
what is meant by the term development
complex changes including an acquisition of skills, abilities and capabilities (OBSERVED)
state the life stages with ages
birth and infancy: 0-2 years early childhood: 3-8 years adolescence: 9-18 years early adulthood: 19-45 middle adulthood: 46-65 later adulthood: 65+
what are centile lines?
they are lines on a graph used to show average measurements of height, weight and head circumference
what are milestones?
they describe an ability achieved by most children by a certain age, it can be P,S,E, cognitive and communication skills
what are development norms?
a description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child’s development. eg. by 12m an infant should be able to stand alone
what is meant by physical development?
growth and other physical changes that happen to our body
what is meant by intellectual development?
the development of language, memory and thinking skills
what is meant by emotional development?
the ability to cope with feelings about ourselves and towards others
what is meant by social development?
the ability to form friendships and relationships and to learn to be independent
what are gross motor skills?
they are large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body eg. rolling over, kicking a ball
what are fine motor skills?
involve small movements that require more precise direction and use smaller muscles eg. writing / turning a page
state gross motor skills during infancy: 0-2 years
0: primitive reflexes
3months: can lift head when lying on front
6months: rolls over
9-10 months: begins to cruise
12-13 months: stands alone / walk without help
2 years: throws a large ball
2 1/2years: kicks a ball
state fine motor skills during infancy
0: holds thumbs tucked into their hands
6 months: moves objects from hand to hand
9-10 months: uses finger and thumb to hold a small object
12-13 months: manipulates and places toys
2 years: draws lines and circles / turns page
2 1/2 years: uses a spoon / fork
state milestones infants reach
sitting up
standing - 12-13m
cruise - 9-10m
state gross motor skills during early childhood: 3-8 years
3-4 years: use pedals to ride a tricycle / run forwards / backwards / walks along a line /
5 years: hops confidently
6-7 years: skip / ride a bike
8 years: good strength and body coordination / developed the large muscles in legs and arms
state fine motor skills during early childhood
3-4 years: use a pencil to copy letters / build a tower with cubes
5 years: buttons and unbuttons clothing
8 years: joins up writing
what is meant by adolescence
important status change following the onset of puberty where a young person develops from a child into an adult
during this life stage individuals experience physical and growth changes
what are primary sexual characteristics
changes and development of reproductive organs present at birth
what are secondary sexual characteristics
outward signs of development
develop during puberty, when sex hormones are released
primary sexual characteristics - FEMALE
uterus enlarges and the vagina lengthens
ovaries begin to release eggs
the menstrual cycle begins
primary sexual characteristics - MALE
penis enlargen
prostate gland produces secretions
testes enlarges and produces sperm
secondary sexual characteristics - FEMALE
breasts develop and the areola swells and darkens
hair grows in armpits and pubic area
redistribution of body fat causing hips to widen
secondary sexual characteristics - MALE
changes in larynx causes voice to deepen
hair grows in armpits and pubic area, facial hair
redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
