A4 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What type of cartilage makes up the pinna?
Elastic
Which gland produces cerumen?
Ceremonious glands
What is the direction of the external auditory meats?
Lateral section: posterior and superior
Medial section: anterior and inferior
What is the tympanic membrane covered with internally and externally?
Mucous membranes and skin (respectively)
What connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear cavity?
Eustachian tube
What makes up each wall of the middle cavity?
Roof: tegmen tympani
Medial wall: oval window, round window and promontory, facial canal
Lateral wall: tympanic membrane
Floor: thin plate of bone and fibrous tissue
Anterior: Eustachian tube, tensor tympani muscle and thin bone
Posterior: pyramidal eminence for tendon of stapedius and facial nerve
What are the bones of the ossicle and what type of joint?
Stayed, incus and malleus
Synovial joints
What are the innervations of the muscles of the middle ear?
Tensor tympani - CN V3
Stapedius - CN VII
Which muscles attach to the cartilaginous Eustachian tube and actively open it?
Levator veli palatine and tensor veli palatine
Which tonsil surrounds opening of the Eustachian tube?
Tubal tonsil
What are the three divisions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx - base of skull to soft palate
Oropharynx - soft palate to epiglottis
Laryngopharynx - posterior to larynx and ends at C6
What is the waldeyer’s ring?
Ring of tonsils forming at the oropharynx
Adenoid, tubal(x2), palatine (x2), lingual
These are the internal muscles of the pharynx: stylopharyngeus, salpinogopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
what are their action, attachment and innervation
Stylopharyngeus - temporal bone styloïde process to post. sup. Thyroid cartilage border [ CN XI]
Salpingopharyngeus - cartilaginous part of Eustachian tube [CN X]
Palatopharyngeus - palatine aponeurosis to post. sup. thyroid cartilage [CN X]
Action: lift larynx and pharynx up during swallowing and speaking
These are the external layer muscles of pharynx: superior, middle and inferior constrictor
Name their attachments, innervations and actions
Superior- pterygoid haul us to pharyngeal tubercle on basilar occipital bone [cn x]
Middle - stylohyoid ligament and horn of hyoid to pharyngeal raphe [CN X]
Inferior - oblique line of thyroid cartilage and side of cricoid to pharyngoesophageal junction [CN X]
Action: constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
What are the paired and unpaired cartilage that make up the larynx?
Paired: arytenoid, Corniculate and cuneiform
Unpaired: thyroid, epiglottis and cricoid
What are the bones that make up the larynx?
Hyoid bone
Where are these located according to the vertebrae: hyoid, cricoid and thyroid?
Hyoid - C2
Cricoid - C6
Thyroid - C4
What are the three membranes that line the larynx?
Thyrohyoid
Cricothyroid
Aryepiglottic
What are the vocal folds formed by?
Free upper border of cricothyroid membrane
What is the true and false vocal folds?
True = cricothyroid membrane fold
False = vestibular fold
What type of epithelium is in the larynx?
Respiratory
W/ mucosal glands in the mucosa
What are the extrinsic muscles and what do they do?
Myolohyiod, digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, omohyoid
They elevate and depress the larynx during swallowing
What are the intrinsic muscles and what do they do?
Cricothyroid, transverse Arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid and aryepiglottis
They control position and tension of the vocal and aryepiglottic folds
What is the innervation of the larynx?
Laryngeal branch of vague nerve
