AA Civil Rights Movement 1954-65 Flashcards
(56 cards)
What were Jim Crow laws?
State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States
Jim Crow laws were in effect until the Civil Rights Movement challenged them.
What was the main argument of Truman’s speech regarding Jim Crow laws?
Jim Crow Laws are against the constitution and it’s hypocritical to fight for democracy when African-Americans are oppressed
Truman emphasized the federal government’s duty to fight for the rights of African-Americans.
Who was Charles Houston Hamilton?
Chief of the NAACP’s legal team and led legal challenges to Jim Crow laws regarding education
He was motivated to fight against racism after experiencing it during WW1.
What distinction exists between Brown I and Brown II?
Brown I turned over Plessy v Ferguson; Brown II emphasized implementation with all immediate speed
Brown I focused on the legality of segregation, while Brown II addressed how to enforce desegregation.
What was the outcome of Brown v Board of Education?
Overturned Plessy v Ferguson and mandated the desegregation of schools on a federal level
It was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1954.
Name one case that contributed to the desegregation of schools before Brown v Board.
Murray v Maryland, Gaines v Missouri, Sweatt v Painter, Briggs v Elliott
These cases were pivotal in challenging segregation in educational institutions.
Which states are listed as having desegregated schools after Brown v Board?
Maryland, Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Virginia, Texas, Florida
These states took steps towards compliance with the Supreme Court’s ruling.
What was the Gray Plan in Virginia?
Allowed desegregation in theory, but in practice, it was not implemented
It exemplified the resistance to desegregation despite legal mandates.
What event sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycotts?
The arrest of Rosa Parks on December 1, 1955
This event marked a significant moment in the Civil Rights Movement.
What were the Freedom Rides?
Bus trips organized by civil rights activists to challenge segregation in interstate bus terminals
The rides faced violent opposition in southern states.
What was the impact of ‘Bloody Sunday’ during the Selma march?
It garnered massive media attention and outrage, leading to increased support for civil rights legislation
The televised violence against marchers influenced public opinion significantly.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aim to address?
It aimed to eliminate discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
This act was a major legislative achievement of the Civil Rights Movement.
What was the outcome of the 1965 Voting Rights Act?
It aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African-Americans, resulting in increased voter registration
The act was a response to widespread discrimination in voting practices.
Who was Carl Stokes?
The first African-American mayor of Cleveland, elected in 1967
He worked to resolve tensions between blacks and whites and expanded public housing.
What characterized Black Nationalism from 1966 to 1975?
Non-integrationist, distrust for white Americans, empowerment, development of a distinct national identity
This movement emphasized self-determination and cultural pride.
Fill in the blank: The Black Panthers were known for their _______ programs.
[community service]
They provided food, education, and healthcare services to underserved communities.
What were the major issues faced by northern cities during the Civil Rights Movement?
Red-lining, racism in real estate, police brutality, and poor living conditions
These issues contributed to civil unrest and riots in cities like Detroit and Chicago.
Who was Malcolm X?
A prominent civil rights leader known for his anti-white rhetoric and advocacy for black empowerment
He was a key figure in the Nation of Islam before becoming more inclusive in his later years.
What was the Southern Manifesto?
A document written by Southern politicians opposing the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v Board of Education
It called for resistance to desegregation and was signed by 101 members of Congress.
What does SNCC stand for?
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
SNCC was a key organization in the Civil Rights Movement focused on nonviolent protests.
What was a major issue leading to riots in Northern cities during the Civil Rights Movement?
Red-lining
Red-lining refers to the discriminatory practice of denying services, typically financial ones, to residents of certain areas based on their race or ethnicity.
What major legislative acts were passed to support civil rights?
- Civil Rights Act 1964
- Voting Rights Act 1965
- Fair Housing Act 1968
- 24th Amendment
These acts aimed to eliminate discrimination and ensure voting rights for African Americans.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aim to achieve?
Desegregation of accommodations and facilities
The act also banned discrimination in federal institutes and employment.
True or False: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 allowed the Attorney General to assign examiners to observe voter registration processes.
True
This was part of the provisions to ensure fair voting practices.
