AA's Flashcards
(23 cards)
What was the Emancipation Proclamation and what did it do?
1863 – black people can no longer be owned as property + can leave their masters
When was the Thirteenth Amendment and what did it do ?
1865 – established freedom in law + provided freedmen with some basic human rights
When was the Fourteenth Amendment and what did it do ?
1868- Citizenship + equal protection by law
What did the Civil Rights Act attempt to achieve?
It stated that ‘all races’ were citizens of the United States and enacted in 1866. Not all individuals accepted that they were equal
What was the aim of the Freedman Bureau?
Set up in 1865 it was done to support freed slaves in the short term and provide a basis for their long term security. However, it was closed 1972.
When was Andrew Johnson president and what were his feelings towards civil rights?
1865-9. All of the significant acts were passed by congress. Johnson said nothing about blacks rights and allowed states to develop black codes.
What did the 15th Amendment stop?
Put in place in 1870 it forbade the denial of the vote for any reason irrespective of colour.
What was the importance of the Slaughterhouse case?
- It ruled the rights of citizens should remain under state, rather than federal, control. Allowed Jim Crow Laws to develop.
What did the 1875 Civil Rights Act achieve?
It formalised segregation in public areas (declared unconstitutional 1883)
Ulysses Grant, What was he like as a president?
He had financial scandals undermined his authority during his second term.
For civil rights, destroyed KKK.
When was the Tuskegee institute founded?
In 1888, by Booker T Washington
What was the importance of Plessy VS Ferguson?
1897 – upheld segregation laws under ‘separate but equal’ verdict.
How many Blacks were in office in 1870’s
22
What was the ruling of the Mississippi VS Williams?
It ruled that the poll tax in Mississippi was constitutional allowing further discrimination. 1898
Why was Theodore Roosevelt seen as pro Civil Rights?
Supported the progressive movement but did not really address the question of black civil rights.
Held meetings with Booker T Washington
What was the importance of Oscar De Priest?
First Black elected into congress in 1928 since 1900
What did the New Deal do for African American?
- They were not covered by the social security act or the national labor relations act
- Did see a raise in wages and cutting of working hours
When was Gaines vs Canada?
1938 Gaines v Canada - separate but equal facilities must really be equal
What did the President’s Committee on Civil Rights achieve?
1946 – Attempted to pass civil rights but no legislation followed because the president could not persuade congress to pass any
Give list of Civil Rights events that happened during Eisenhower presidency?
Little Rock 1957 – sent federal troops to break the protest
Civil Rights Act 1957 – investigation in fields such as voting obstruction
Brown V Board of education 1954 ordered the desegregation of schools
Civil Rights Act 1960 – renewed the civil rights commission, allowed judges to make special appointments of those that would help blacks on to the voting register
When was the Civil Rights Act?
Civil Rights Act 1964 – prohibited discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, religion, sex or national origin
Give evidence of affirmative action?
1969 Philadelphia plan – contractors set targets for hiring people from minorities
Green v. Connally 1970 – made it clear that federal funds would be withheld from higher education institutions that continued to have a policy of segregation
ROAR campaign – restore our alienated rights a movement set up by white parents in Boston to stop bussing, was backed by Nixon
Name a Civil Rights Act which Reagan passed?
Civil Rights Restoration Act - congress overruled Reagans veto, ensured that federal funds going to companies working towards civil rights were really going to companies that would use it for such purposes.
