AAB/Jarr Heme Coag Flashcards
(402 cards)
1
Q
3 main sites of hematopoesis during conception and early fetal months
A
yolk sac, liver, spleen
2
Q
Adult Bones Hematopoesis, acrynom
A
SS
PRV
Skull, Sternum
Pelvis, Ribs, Vertebrae
3
Q
Heme needs these two things
A
iron and protoporhyrin
4
Q
Protein that transports Fe
A
transferrin
5
Q
Major storage form of iron
A
Ferritin
6
Q
Long term storage of insoluble Fe
A
Hemosiderin
7
Q
Enzyme def w/build up of heme precursors is called
A
porhyrias
8
Q
While in the DELTA,
POR UR COP PRONTO
a cup of HEME
A
Heme Precursors
9
Q
Hmg F % in newborns versus adults
A
newborn 60-90
adults 1
10
Q
Hmg A in adults
versus newborns
A
adults 97
newborns 10-40
11
Q
Hmg A2 in both adults and newborns
A
2%
12
Q
Gower I/II, Portland Hmg in…
Hmg F in…
Hmg S in…
A
embryonic
both newborn and adult
not normal, sickle cell
13
Q
In Hmg oxy diss curve, oxygen is released or not released in a shift to the left
A
not released
No, won’t let go
14
Q
In Hmg oxy diss curve, oxygen is released or not released in a shift to the right
A
released
won’t hold tight
15
Q
To determine Hmg, the oxidation of hmg to methmg is done with these two reagents
A
K-CN and K-Ferric-CN
Cyanide
16
Q
HCT % NV
Male
Female
A
Female 37-47
Male 42-52
17
Q
Diluent used for WBC/PLT CT
A
1% Ammonium Oxalate
18
Q
MCV formula
A
HCT/RBC x 10
volume/cell
19
Q
MCV NV
A
80-100fL
20
Q
MCH formula
A
HGB/RBC x 10
hmg/cell
21
Q
MCH NV
A
27-31pg
22
Q
MCHC formula
A
HGB/HCT x 100
concentration=always smaller number at top and percentage
hmg/volume
23
Q
MCHC NV
A
32-36 g/dL
24
Q
RDW NV
A
11.5-14.5%
25
RBC ref
female
male
female 3.8-5.2
male 4.5-6.1
26
Seg ref
45-70
About 1/2-2/3
27
Lymp ref
20-40
About a quarter almost 2/3
28
mono ref
3-10
29
baso
0-2, least
30
eos
0-3
31
plt ref
150-400
32
Romanowsky stain also called
Wright stain, Giesma
33
4 things in wrights stain
-methanol
-phosphate buffer
-eosin, methylene blue
34
Calculation of absolute values
Relative% x total cell ct
35
TB, Syphilis, Malignancies associated with what kind of cell
monocytes
36
Hypersegmented neutrophils ass with what kind of anemia
megaloblastic anemia
37
Hyposegmented neu ass with
pelger huet
38
bacterial infections, burns, chemo ass with what 2 white cell morphologies
toxic granulation and vaculoles
39
Bacterial infections, burns, and May Hegglin ass with what white cell morph
Dohle bodies
40
Varient lymphs ass with
IM, viral infections
41
WBC correct calculation for NRBCS
wbc x100/nrbcs + 100
42
Abetalipoproteinemia and severe liver disease ass with what rbc shape
acanthocyte
43
uremia and artifacts cause what kind of rbc shape
echinocyte, burr
44
DIC causes what rbc shape
shisto
45
HJ bodies composed of
DNA
46
Baso stip composed of
RNA
47
Pappenheimber bodies made of
Iron
48
Heinz bodies made of
denatured precipitated hemoglobin
49
cabot ring made of
left over mitotic spindle
50
Which rbc inclusion is not seen with wright stain
Heinz bodies
51
Heinz bodies and bite cells ass with what deficiency
G6PD
52
Kind of rbc inclusion with thall and lead
baso stip
53
Rule of 3
RBC x 3=Hmgx3=Hct
54
Increased MCV/MCHC and decreased RBC are ass with
cold agg disease
55
What replaces glutamic acid in the 6th position of the beta chain in Hmg C
Lysine
56
What replaces glutamic acid in the 6th position of the beta chain in Hmg S
Valine
57
Hmg A1 chains
2 alpha
2 beta
58
Hmg A2 chains
2 alpha
2 delta
59
Hmg F chains
2 alpha
2 gamma
60
Order from fastest to slowest in cellulose acetate at pH 8.4 (as opposed to citrate 6.2)
A, F, S, C
61
Two reagents usedin solubility test of Hmg S
saponin and sodium dithionite
62
ESR Female
0-20mm
63
ESR male
0-15mm
64
ESR show increase in these two plasma proteins
fibrinogen and globulin
65
decrease temp, old, excess EDTA ESR...
decrease ESR
66
supravital Stain for retic ct
new methylene blue
67
Retic ct monitors
etrythropoiesis
68
Retic ct % calculation
retics/10
69
Absolute retic
RBCs x retic%
70
corrected retic ct (corrects for HCT)
retic % x PT HCT/45
71
retic ref
0.5-1.5%
72
RPI calculation
corrected retic/maturation time of 2
need retic # and HCT
73
M:E ratio
3:1-4:1
74
Stain for bone marrow
romanowsky, same for wrights
75
Cellulose acetate ph8.6, cathode/slowest to fastest/anode
-C, S, F, A+
76
Cellulose acetate ph8.6, anode/fastest to slowest/cathode
+A, F, S, C-
77
Hmg D seen in what race, migrates with
East indian, S
78
Hmg E seen with what race, migrates with
Southeast asian, C
79
Hmg G seen with what race, migrates with
African, S
80
Reducing agent in qualitative screen for Sickle Dex, solubility test
sodium di-thionite
81
In solubility test, what is added to lyse the RBC to release the hmg...
what is added to reduce the hmg...
saponin lyses
sodium dithionite reduces it to become deoxygenated and insoluble; will precipitate out of phosphate buffer
82
What confirms s positive sickle screen
hmg electrophoresis
83
Which electrophoresis separates S
citrate agar ph6.2
84
Lead and Thall trait are what kind of anemias
microcytic/hypochromic
85
IDA and later phase of anemia of Chronic disease what kind of anemia
micro/hypo
Initially anemia of chronic is normal,normo
86
In IDA, all Iron studies are low except for
TIBC
87
Three causes of macrocytic anemia
B12 def, folate def
liver disease/alcholism (B12, folate def)
88
What does G6PD have that PK doesn't
Heinz bodies
Possibly bite cells
89
G6PD def and HbH uses this stain/prep
Heinz body prep
Use as a nonspecific screen for hemolysis due to drugs/toxins, enzyme deficiencies, thalassemias, and unstable hemoglobins.
90
Test for PCH, IgG, Anti-P Biphasic
Donath Landsteiner TEst
91
Condition with large Azurophilic granules, mucooplysaccharies (Hunter, Hurler)
Alder Reily
A=azurophilic
92
Condition with large lysosomes/fushion of primary granules
Chediak-Higashi
93
Condition with large PLTs, decreased PLTS, Dohle bodies in seg/mono/lymph
MayHegglin
94
Condition with hyposegmented polys
PelgerHuet
95
Dry tap is seen in which condition
primary myelofibrosis
myeloid metaplasia: is a disorder in which normal bone marrow tissue is gradually replaced with a fibrous scar-like material. Over time, this leads to progressive bone marrow failure.
96
Decreased LAP, Ph chromosome in what condition
CML
97
JAK2 seen in what condition
Polycythemia Vera
98
Which reaction has toxic granules and Dohle bodies
Leukemoid
99
WHO acute leukemia how many blasts in BM
FAB
WHO >20%
FAB >30%
100
Leukemia seen with soccer ball nucleus lymphs
CLL
101
Lymphoma associated with EBV, HIV
Burkitt
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma.
102
Lymphoma associated with Reed Sternberg cell
Hodgkin
103
Myeloma with bone involvement, IgG and Bence Jones in urine
Multiple myeloma
104
Condition with IgM, increased serum viscosity and normal bone
Waldenstrom
105
Prussion blue stains
iron
106
LAP in CML
decreased
107
LAP in Leukamoid rxn
increased
108
TRAP
tartrate-resistant
ACID PHOSPHATASE
for what condition
Hairy cell leukemia
109
Auer rods in
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
A=Auer
110
BM macrophages have wrinkled/striated cyto with accumulation of glucocerebrosidease
Gaucher
G=glucocerebrosidease
Gaucher is wrinkled
111
BM macrophages w/globular or foamy cyto, sea-blue histiocytes with sphingomyelinase
is a disease in which excess material is stored inside cells (metabolic storage disease). These cells are referred to as foam cells because of their foamy or soap-suds appearance
Niemann-Pick
Niemann is foamy
112
Stain for AML, myelogenous cells for nonspecific/specific granules/fats...
Sudan black B
Oil red O stains neutral lipids and is replacing SSB
113
Stain for glycogen deposits in liver, fungi, and blasts in ALL, stains lymphoblasts not myeloblasts
PAS
periodic acid-Schiff
114
What is added to stabilize WBC when there's smudge cells causing WBC cts to not match
22% bovine albumin
115
DF of PLT CT with sodium citrate
1.1
116
Which inclusion isn't stained with WRights
Heinz bodies, uses NMB
117
Peroxidase stains which cell lines..
not...
Myelogenous: myelos, monos
Not lymphs
118
NASDA/Naf used for which leukemia
addition of Naf makes monos become negative
AMML
acute myelol, mono
119
PAS pos in
ALL
acute not chronic lymphoblasts
120
TRAP pos for whic leukemia
hairy cell
121
3 names for NRBCs, last nucleated rbc
metarubricyte
Orthochromic normoblast
Orthochromic erythroblast
NRBC is not Polychromotaphilic, it's Orthochromatic
122
2 names for retic
reticulocyte
polychromatophilic erythrocyte
Retic is Polychromotaphilic due to RNA
123
1.)Rubriblast
2.)Pro-rubricyte
3.)Rubricyte
4.)Meta-rubricyte/NRBC
5.)Reticulocyte
6.)RBC
1.)Pro-
2.)Basophilic-
3.)Polychromatophilic-
4.)Orthochromic-
-normoblast
5.)Polychromatophillic
erythrocyte
6.)RBC
124
Male Hmg
14-18
125
female hmg
12-15
126
neonate hmg
19
127
toddler hmg
11-13
128
IDA
iron, ferritin...
TIBC/transferrin...
size, color...
iron low
ferritin low
TIBC/transferin high
micro, hypo
129
Anemia of chronic
iron, TIBC...
ferritin...
size, color...
iron/TIBC low
ferritin high
Normo, normo at first
micro, hypo later on
130
5 micro, hypo anemias
IDA, anemia of chronic(can become)
sidero, lead
thall
131
4 macrocytic anemia
B12, folate
liver, alcoholism
132
2 names for target
codocyte, leptocyte
133
Target, baso stip, tears in
thallasemia
134
sugar water test, sucrose hemolysis, and acidified serum test associated with
PNH
Paroxysmal nocturnal
Not PCH
135
Smudge cells seen in which leukemia
CLL
136
increased sml, mature lymphs and smudge what leukemia
CLL
137
Condition with giant, bizarre PLTs, NRBCs, teardrop, pancytopenia
It causes scarring of the bone marrow which makes it more difficult to produce blood cells causing pancytopenia.
It is one of a group of conditions called myeloproliferative neoplasms or myeloproliferative disorders.
myelofibrosis
138
Condition that's a subtype of AML, PLTs and WBC decreased
A subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is distinguished by erythroblastic proliferation.
Patients usually present with nonspecific signs and symptoms from the anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia resulting from the replacement of bone marrow by leukemic cells
erythroleukemia
139
Sydrome where decrease in alpha granules and there is a release in proteins that cause myelofibrosis
An inherited bleeding disorder characterized by macro-thrombocytopenia and absence of platelet α-granules resulting in typical gray platelets on peripheral smears.
It is associated with a bleeding tendency, myelofibrosis, and splenomegaly
gray PLT syndrome
140
Factor 12 actived by
subendothelium
141
Vik K dependent factors and what group
2,7,9,10
Prothrombin
142
Factors in fibrinogen group
1,5,8-13
143
Factors in contact group
11,12
PK,HMWK
144
Factors?
Serine proteases form a large family of protein-cleaving enzymes that play an essential role in processes like blood coagulation, apoptosis and inflammation.
-are vit K dependent
-include two factors from contact group
2,7, 9,10 (vit K dep)
and
11,12
145
70% of PLTs are in the...
30% PLTs are stored in the...
70 % blood
30 % in spleen
Most in blood, rest in spleen
146
Adhesion requires what factor
VWF
147
is a platelet agonist that causes platelet shape change and aggregation
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
148
What links the PLTs together after being stimulated by ADP
fibrinogen
149
What inhibits active plasmin
alpha 2
plasmin inhibitor
150
Action of plasmin on fibrin. Breaks... Into these 4...
cleaves fibrin into X, Y, D, E fragments
151
3 clot busters
streptkinase
urokinase
TPA
152
WB:anticoag ratio
9:1
153
Screen for extrinsic/common, monifors oral anticoag like warfarin/coumarin
PT
154
PT ref...
INR ref goal...
<13 sec
INR. 2.0-3.5
155
Screen for intrinsic,common
monitors heparin
APTT
156
APTT ref range
20-40sec
157
Fibrinogen factor and ref range
Factor 1
200-400 mg/dL
158
Coag test that doesn't measure intrinsic/extrinsic but is affected by decreased fibrinogen levels and heparin
TT
159
TT ref
<20sec
160
Coag test that measures PLT fnc/#s
BT
161
PFA measures PLT fnc with theses three aggregating agents
collagen, ADP, epi
162
Rapid dissolution of clot indicates increased fibrinolytic activity in this condition
DIC
163
Aspirin inhibits 2ndary wave of aggregation by destroying....
cyclooxygenase
164
Two adhesion disorders that have abnormal ristocetin agg
BS
vWD
165
BS is differentiated from vWD by these two things related to PLTs
BS has decreased PLTS and giant PLTS
166
PLT disorder with normal PLT #/morph but abnormal aggregation and abnormal with all aggregating agents
Glanzmann
167
DRVVT activates factor... and is prolonged in presence of this anticoagluant
Factor 10
Lupus anticoag
168
Assay that monitors LMWH
anti-factor 10a
169
Test similar to TT, uses snke venom enzyme,and is not inhibited by heparin
Reptilase time
170
Repitilase time ref
18-22sec
171
Another name for primary myelofibrosis
myeloid metaplasia
172
Myeloid metaplasia can have increased... and thus have...
Primary myelofibrosis/myeloid metaplasia (MF) is a chronic blood cancer in which excessive scar tissue forms in the bone marrow and impairs its ability to produce normal blood cells
increased uric acid and have gout
173
BM condition where theres increased IgM, B clonal cells, marked roleaux, and relative/absolute lymphocytosis
WM
Waldenstroms macrobulemia
174
Kind of leukemia with B cell neoplasms, increase in small/mature lymphs, and smudge cells
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
175
Leukemia with no peroxidase activity and positive PAS
ALL
176
Leukemia with increased baso/eos in early stages
CML
177
Xa-Va
phospholipid-Ca complex is called what
prothrombinase complex
178
What cleaves fibrin into soluble fragments X/Y,D/E
plasmin
179
Which protein inhibitor inactivates/degrades F5,8?
Protein C
180
Which protein is a cofactor and accelerates Protein C
Protein S
181
Which factors are inactivated by Protein C
Factor 5,8
182
Which protein is the primary inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system and inhibits plasmin
alpha 2 antiplasmin
183
What is the principal inhibitor that neuralizes thrombin, F10, and all serine proteases?
antithrombin III
184
Most frequently acquired inherited inhibitor leading to factor deficiency?
anti-8
APTT mixing study to test
usually w/Hem A/B therapy
185
Which inhibitor inactivates coag factors thru phospholipids
lupus like anticoag
lupus anticoag
prolong APTT, no factor def or bleeding
186
What is the cause of 25yr old male who has a normal PT and INR, but an increased APTT thats not corrected by a mixing study
circulating anticoagulant
possibly lupus anticoag
187
Most common inherited bleeding disorder with decreased F9/vWF, prolonged APTT, and normal PLT CT
vWD
issue isn't with number of PLT but can't adhere to collagen
188
DDAVP and cryo used to treat
vWD
189
Trauma, prego issues, liver disease/hepatitis, cancer/leukemia, sepsis, drugs all can cause
DIC
190
PT/INR, PTT, D-dimer all increased and fibrinogen decreased in
DIC
191
PT/INR, PTT slight increase with slight decrease in fibrinogen is
liver disease
192
2 labile coag factors
5,8
193
plasma fibrinogen nv
200-400mg/dl
194
Xmas factor
9
IX
195
hereditary condition with decreased PLT production and Dohle bodies
May Hegglin anomaly
196
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura has less PLTs due to...
PLT destruction
197
VWD, Glanzmann, aspirin all have what kind of PLT counts
normal
198
BS has what kind of PLT CT
decreased
199
vWD and BS are what kind of PLT issue
adhesion
200
Glanzmann and aspirin cause what kind of PLT issue
aggregation
201
F7 def test
PT, extrinsic
202
What tests 1,2,5,8,9,10,11,12
APTT
203
Test monitors heparin, FSP, fibrinogen issues
TT
204
Hemo associated w/F11 and Jews
Hemo C
205
Hemo ass. w/8, men
Hemo A
206
Hemo ass. w/9, men
Hemo B
207
Factor def detected with 5M urea test
F13
208
Most common specific factor inhibitor, APTT mixing studies
F8 inhibitor
209
Mutant Factor V, resists action of protein c/s
factor v leiden
210
drug that blocks ADP receptor(P2Y12)
Plavix
Clopidogrel
211
Drug that inhibits VitK, monitored w/PT/INR
Wafarin
212
Drug that inhibits serine protease via AT, monitored with APTT
Heparin unfractionated
213
Drug that targets F10a, doesn't require monitoring
LMWH
214
Chains in Gower 1
2 zeta, 2 epsilon
215
Chain in Gower 2
2 alpha, 2 epsilon
216
Portland chains
2 zeta, 2 gamma
217
RBC count calc if 5 square...
RBCxDF/(0.04)(5)(0.1)
1sq=0.04
218
Volume of single RBC square
0.04
219
Total volume of 5 RBC squares
0.2
0.2x0.2=0.04x5
220
Depth of hemocytometer
0.1
221
4 things affect hmg/cause falsely high
Lipemic
Icteric
High WBC
Lyse resistant hmg SS, CC
affects the absorption of hmg
222
Hmg composed of...
heme, iron, globin
4 globulins, 4 heme inside with 4 iron
223
Defect in heme synthesis leads to
porphyria
224
1.)disorder in amino structure
2.)disorder in # globulin chains
3.)disorder of heme synthesis
1.)amino sub: hmg-pathy
2.)# globulin chains: thall
3.)heme: porphyria
225
methmg-cytochrome C reductase keeps...
iron the ferrous state
keeps it reduced
226
when iron in hmg is oxidized to the ferric state, it becomes...
methmg
227
hmg with 200x affinity for oxygen than hmg has
carboxyhmg (carbon monoxide)
228
type of hmg that carries iron in ferrous/reduced state
oxyhmg
can carry oxygen
229
type of hmg that can't transport oxygen; irreversible oxidation by drugs
sulfhmg
230
type of hmg that is in ferric state, cannot bind oxygen, but is reversible
met hmg
231
Ferric state of iron is in this hmg
methmg
232
cyanmethmg used to
measure hmg
cyanmethmg w/K cyanide, ferricyanide
233
Of these three, which on is irreversible...
carboxyhmg, methmg, sulfhmg
sulfhmg
234
Hmg that becomes insoluble under lowered oxygen tension
Hmg S
it sickles
235
In hmg C, what replaces glutamic acid...
what position...what chain...
shape of crystal in hmg C...
lysine
6th position of beta chain
rod shaped, washington monument
236
what kind of RBC inclusion seen in lead and thall
basophillic stippling
237
what kind of inclusion in rbc seen in G6PD def...
What kind of rbc abnormality...
Heinz bodies
Bite cell
238
Hmg F made of 2...2...
2 alpha, 2 gamma
239
Hmg A1 made of 2..2...
2 alpha, 2 beta
240
Hmg A2 made of 2...2..
2 alpha, 2 delta
241
Gower 2 made of 2...2...
2 alpha, 2 epsilon
242
Gower 1 made of 2..2...
2 zeta, 2 epsilon
243
Portland made of 2...2..
2 zeta, 2 gamma
244
Hmg resistant to alkali denaturation
Hmg F
245
Kleihauer Betke screens for what hmg...
Can differentiate between...and....
hmg F
A1 from F
adult from fetal
246
Hmg D seen in what race...
migrates with...
East Indian
migrates with S
247
D can be separated from S with ... ... at ph...
cellulose acetate at ph 8.6
248
Only hmg not measured by cyanmethmg
sulfhmg
249
Drabkins sln is used to determine...
in the .....method
hmg in cyanmethmg methodf
250
Hmg in WB..
Hmg in plasma..
WB 14-16 g/dL
plasma 2-3 mg/dL
251
Free hmg binds to...
haptoglobin
252
In HA:
RBC, hmg, hct are...
haptoglobin is...
indirect bili is...
RBC,hmg,hct are decreased
haptoglobin is decreased/used up
indirect bili is increased, increased hmg but doesn't get to liver
253
HA is what kind of anemia
normo, normo
sudden, doesn't have enough time to affect size/color yet
254
What reagent do you saturate specimen with to separate myoglobin from hmg
ammonium sulfate
255
PACKED rbc VOLUME is also called
hematocrit
Volume of packed cells
256
3 factors that influence degree of packing during centrifugation
radius, speed, time
257
WBC are found in what part of spun hematocrit...
where is the packed rbc % read from....
wbc buffy coat
read packed rbc below buffy
258
How do these affect ESR/rate:
acute infections
rouleaux
macrocytes
MM,Waldstrom M
anemia
vibrations/tilting/increased temp
all increase, make fall faster, rate/mm is bigger
bigger cells=fall faster
anemia=less cells, fall faster
proteins/ab fall faster
259
How do these affect ESR/rate:
microcytes, sperocytes
sickle cells
polycythemia
old specimen, decreased temp, EDTA increased
all decrease, fall less, smaller rate/mm
260
RBC cell count calculation
#RBCs x DF/total vol sq x depth(0.1)
ie. 5 small squares
each square is 0.2x0.2=0.4,
x5 squares=0.2
261
CSF has 285 rbc in 5 squares, dilute 1:100
cell ct
285 x 100/0.2 x 0.1 =28500/0.02
1,425,000
262
method where cells pass thru aperture increasing resistance of electrical flow between electrodes making a pulse
electrical impedance
263
Name of principle that uses laminar flow and hydrodynamic focusing to characterize cells based on granularity and reflectivity
laser light scatter
laser is focused at angles
264
3 things used to created scatter plots, one that isnt
scatter, volume, conductivity
fluorsence isn't used for the scatter plot
265
NRBC and lrg PLTs will increase
WBC
granularity counted as WBC
266
Shistocytes will...rbc # but ...PLTs #
decrease rbc, increase PLT ct
counted as PLTs instead of RBC
267
WBC 6.5
RBC 1.69
HGB 9.1
HCT 22.8
MCV 135.0
MCH 53.8
MCHC 39.9
what is cause
cold agg,
RBC/HCT decreased
MCV, MCH, MCHC increased
268
DF for PLT ct when using sodium citrate instead of EDTA
1.1
269
Adding 22% bovine albumin to hematology specimen will prevent...cells by...WBCs
will prevent smudge cells by stabilizing WBC
270
Action if cryoglobulin or cold agg cause issues
incubate 37C 15min
271
manual WBC ct on hemacytometer can help count ...WBC from... ..... leukemia patients
count fragiles WBCs from pseudoleukopenic patients
272
lipemic specin, can perform a .. ...
saline replacement
273
hyperglycemia:
MCV is...
red cell color is...
MCV is normal
color is hypochromic, absorb less iron
274
WBC ct calc
#WBC x DF/vol sq x depth 0.1
Each sq 1mm
275
WBC ct 50, 8squares, 1:100 dil
50x 100/(8x1)x0.1
6250
276
Wright stain:
fixative...
adjust color by adusting... of ....
methanol
color change with ph of buffer
277
Giesma can stain which organism
malarial parasites
278
Cannot be stained with wrights, needs to use NMB
Heinz bodies
279
Stain that stains both nonspecific and specific granules in myelogenous cells
SBB
sudan black B
myeloblasts, not lymphoblasts
280
Stain for granulocytes, monocytes but not lymphs
MPO
myelo-peroxidase
281
leptocyte is also these two
Target, codocyte
282
Most immature RBC, 3 names
Rubriblast
Pro-erythroblast/normoblast
283
2nd RBC after most immature, 3 names
Prorubricyte
Basophilic- erythroblast/normoblast
284
Rubricyte, comes after...
Two other names...
Comes after Prorubricyte
Rubricyte is also called
polychromatic-
erythroblast/normoblast
285
Last stage RBC with nucleus, 3 names
Metarubricyte
Orthochromic -erythroblast/normoblast
286
NASDA 3+, NaF 1+ what leukemia
AMML
acute myelo mono
287
Leukemia where blasts stain PAS pos
ALL
lymphoblastic
lymphs not myelo, acute not chronic
288
Best stain for neutral lipids
Oil red O
better than sudan black b as it is more red/visible
289
LAP stands for...
differentiates these two...
which is incresed, decreased...
leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
leukomoid increased
CML decreased
290
stain that is positive in hairy cell leukemia
TRAP
tarte resistant
acid phosphatase (not alkaline phosphatase)
291
MOST reliable criterion for cells age
nuclear chromatin
292
Last cell to retain nucleus before becoming erythrocyte/NRBC two names
metarubricyte, orthochromatic normoblast
293
toddler hmg range...
female...
male range...
Neonate hmg range...
toddler has the least: 10-12
female: 12-15
male: 14-18
neonate has the most: 16-22
294
anemia based off three things
rbc, hmg, hct
295
reticulocytosis is....due to...
polychromatophillic due to residual RNA
296
3 things seen in IDA:
size, color, shape
micro,hypo
poikilocytosis
297
low ferritin/iron
high TIBC/transferrin
IDA
298
high ferrtin
low iron/TIBC/transferrin
anemia of chronic
299
cell seen in:
-thallasemia
-liver disease
-postsplenectomy
target
Target cells are erythryoctes with an increased cell membrane-to-volume ratio, due either to gain of membrane lipids or to a reduction in cell volume.
Liver disease: Decreased enzymatic activity increases the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio, producing an absolute increase in surface area of the red blood cell membranes or may be increased red cell membrane fluidity.
Post splenectomy: altered erythrocytes will not be removed from the circulation efficiently. Therefore, increased numbers of target cells may be observed.
300
aggregated RNA in RBC causes
basophilic stippling
301
best supravital stain for RNA remnants
NMB
302
RBC iron stained granules stained with PB..
stained with wrights...
siderocytes
pappemheimer
303
increased iron in the mitochondria of normoblasts is seen in what anemia
sideroblastic anemia
304
3 cells seen in thallasemia
targets, tears
basophilic stippling
Tear drop cells appear in the peripheral blood as a response to red cell alterations by thalassemia when red cell inclusions are expelled by a stripping process through splenic cords.
305
3 main causes of macrocytic anemia
B12/folate def (d.latum, taperworm B12)
liver/alcoholism
306
4 main causes of micro,hypo anemia
IDA, anemia of chronic in later stages
sideroblastic, lead
307
Megaloblastic anemia:
WBC seen in BM...
3 things seen in smear...
BM: giant metamyelocytes
smear: oval macro, hyperseg, less PLTs
Megalo: big not small
Anemia: less
308
Hereditary disease where osmotic fragility and autohemolysis are normal...
Hereditary disease where osmotic fragility is increased...
elliptocytosis
spherocytosis
309
PNH:
3 tests
PCH:
1 test
PNH: sugar, sucrose, acidified
PCH: Donath Landsteiner
310
Most common thallasemia in US
beta thall MINOR
311
Disorder with enzyme defect in aerobic glycolysis
G6PD
312
Pancytopenia seen in this anemia
aplastic
313
Panhyperplasia of BM seen in
polycythemia vera
314
Leukemia
viral infection
chemo
WBC will be....
decreased
leukemia: sick cells push out good cells
viral: HIV
chemo: kill
315
euchormatin
darker cyto
nucleoli
nonspecific granules
charasteristic in...
immature blood cells
*most characteristic of immature is euchromatin
316
Light blue endoplasmic reticulum found in neutrophils
seen in infections, burns, MayHegglin
Dohle bodies
317
nonspecific primary granules in...
specific secondary granules in...
non/primary: promyelocyte
specific/secon: myelocyte
318
Order of myeloid...
1-6
1.)Myeloblast
2.)Promyelocyte
3.)Myelocyte
4.)Metamyelocyte
5.)Band
6.)Seg
319
WBC NV most to least...
Seg 50-70
Lymph 20-40
Mono 3-10
Eos 0-3
Baso 0-2
320
Largest leukocyte in blood...
Largest cell in BM:
mono
megakaryo
321
Inclusions of blue black, coarse mucopolysaccharide granules
Hurlers/Hunters
Alder Reilly
322
Giant PLTs, Dohle bodies
decreased PLTs
May Hegglin
323
giant lysosomal granules,
defective PLTs/WBCs,
albinism
Chediak Higashi
324
Things that can be seen with.... ...
are shift to left, vacuolization, Dohle bodies
toxic granulation
325
In lupus, what cell phagocytizes the nucleoprotein
neutrophil
326
monocyte/histiocyte thats engulfed nuclear material
similar to LE but no diagnositic value
tart cell
327
cell that neutraphil/macrophage engulfed denatured nuclear
lupus erythromatosus
LE cell
328
cell that is plasma cell with cytoplasmic inclusions called russell bodies packed with immunoglobulins
constipated plasma cell
Mott cells
329
reactive leukocytosis occurs when absolute granulocyte count is >...
7.0 x10^9/L
Granulocytes not all WBC
330
Smudge cells seen in this leukemia but not in this
seen in CLL not in acute
331
Use as a nonspecific screen for hemolysis due to drugs/toxins, enzyme deficiencies, thalassemias, and unstable hemoglobins.
Heinz body prep
Heinz, hmgH
332
Cyanide can be used to oxidize ... To...
Hmg to methmg
333
Hmg to methmg iron becomes...to...
Methmg to hmg iron becomes...to...
Hmg to methmg, iron becomes oxidized to ferric
Methmg to hmg, iron becomes reduced to ferrous
334
Eosinophilia and basophilia associated with what leukemia
CML
335
Smudge cells seen in this leukemia
CLL
chronic not acute
336
L1 kids, homo, high N/C
L2 adults, hetero, nucleoli
L3 Burkitts, vacuolization, abundant cyto
FAB classifications
of acute lymphocytic leukemia
337
ALL L1
3 main characteristics
homgenous
high N/C
kids
338
ALL L2
3 main characteristics
hetero
adults
nucleoli
339
ALL L3
2 main characteristics
vacuolization, abundant cyto
340
FAB ALL classification for mostly homo, high N/C ratio
L1
341
FAB ALL prominent cytoplasmic vacuolization
L3
also abundant cyto
342
FAB ALL hetero, nucleoli, seen in more adults
L2
343
FAB AML,
M2/type 2 has ... ... ...
as compared to M1/type 1 that has... and ....
M2/type 2 has few cytoplasmic granules
M1/type 1 has granules
344
FAB AML that has no cytoplasmic granules
M0
345
M0 no granules
M1 granules
M2 traces of primary/few
M3 intense granules, DIC
This is stupid
346
Auer rods seen in which leukemia
AML
347
DIC ass with what AML class
M3
348
Stain to differentiate AML from ALL
MPO
349
Leukemia with Philadephia chromosome and increased baso/eos in early stages
CML
350
Condition with increased LAP, toxic granulation, dohle bodies
Leukomoid
351
DIC seen in what leukemia
AML
352
BM of this condition has increased plasma cells, IgM, rouleaux, lymphocytosis
Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia
353
giant bizarre PLTs
NRBCs
Tears
seen in...
myelofibrosis
354
Hereditary with decreased alpha granules resulting in tiny, decreased PLTs
gray PLT syndrome
355
Prothrombinase complex (acts on prothrombin)
10a+5a
phospholipid+Ca
356
1.)C will degrade 5,8
2.)S cofactor acclerates
...
357
Which protein degrades factor Va and 8a...
C
358
Which protein is a cofactor of C and helps accelerate the degradation of Va/VIIIa
S
359
Primary inhibitor of fibrinolytic system;
stops this from breaking down fibrin
alpha 2
antiplasmin
360
What is the principal inhibitor of thrombin
and factor Xa
anti-
thrombin III
also neutralizes serum proteases
361
Most ACQUIRED inhibitor in hereditery deficiencies
(acquire during treatment of this hereditary deficiency)
anti 8
usually acquired from HemA(8) therapy
362
acquired inhibitor against phospholipoproteins inactivating coagulation factors prolonging aPTT
lupus like anticoag
363
disease with:
-abnormal adhesion to collagen
-decreased VIII:C, VIIIR:Co
-increased BT, aPTT
-normal PLT ct
vWD
364
Condition with slightly increased PT,INR, PTT but low fibrinogen
liver disease
365
Severe liver disease monitor these two factors
I, 5
366
Factor 5 Leiden
Helps make clots,
Protein C supposed to slow 5 down,
Most common cause of hypercoaguable State, thromboembolism
367
Protein S And C roles
Stop
Clots
Cleave 5,8
368
Anemia with inhibition of DNA, -decreased megakaryocytes, -decreased PLTs
-giant metamyelocytes in BM
-oval macrocytes
-hypersegmented segs
Megaloblastic anemia
369
Hereditary red cell membrane deformation with >25% cells deformed, normal osmotic fragility, and most people are asymptomatic and few have HA
Hereditary elliptocytosis
370
Most common thallasemi
beta thall minor
371
Cooleys anemia, increased A2, decreased A1
beta thall major
372
Thall with 2 of 4 alpha deleted, micro/hypo
alpha thall minor
373
hydrops fetalis, thall with no normal Hmg, all 4 alpha deleted
alpha thall major
374
Enzyme def that is x linked, oxidative stress leads to RBCs breaking down/HA, aerobic glycolysis ineffective
G6PD
375
Dohle body is seen in which cell
neutrophil
376
Primary granules in...
Secondary granules in...
Primary: promyelocyte
Secondary: myelocyte
377
Infections you will see toxic granulation in neutrophils and these three things...
shift to left
Dohle bodies
vacuolizations
378
Neutrophil that phagocytizes/engulfs nuclear material/nucleoprotein in lupus
LE cell
not a tart (mono/histiocyte)
379
Only heterogenous cell Acute leukemia FAB classification
L2
380
L3 ALL has prominent
vacuoles
381
L1 has high...with...cells
high N/C
homogenous cells
382
L2 has ...cells
heterogenous
383
FAB AML that is hypergranular and related to DIC
M3
384
FAB AML with no granules
M0
385
Monocytic FAB classfications
M4/5
386
M2 has ...granules
few
387
Best stain that differentiates AML from ALL
MPO
as opposed to SBB
388
chronic lymphocytic leukemias are usually neoplasms of what cell
B cells
389
Hemostasis 3 processes
vasoCONSTRICTION
adhesion
aggregation
390
Two PLT disorders with decreased and giant PLTs
May Hegglin, BS
391
WASP issue in males, small/decreased PLTS, impaired immune, increase in IgA/E
Wiskott Aldrich anomaly
392
PLT disorder where ab attack own PLTs, leads to increased PLT destruction
cause not known
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
ITP
393
vWD, Glazmann, and aspirin all have ...PLT cts but abnormal...time
normal
abnormal BT
394
PLTdisorder with abnormal
-primary agg...
-secondary agg..
primary agg: Glanzmann
secondary agg: Wiskott
395
PLT disorders with adhesion issues
BS, VWD
396
Condition where BM makes too many PLTs and is ass with polycythemia vera
Thrombocy-themia
397
How many PLTs/1000x is normal
8-20
398
BT increased in destruction of PLTs, decreased PLTs, blood vessel damage,
-qualitative,quantitative PLT disorder
-primary vascular ab
BUT not affected in...
autoimmune thrombocytopenia
who knows why, stupid AAB
399
Test that monitors heparin, FSP, and fibrinogen ab
TT
400
At alkaline pH slowest Hmg...
Fastest....
C slowest
H is fastest
-C, S, F, A/H
401
Biliary obstruction has.... As major serum component
Conjugated bilirubin
402
Biliary obstruction has.... As major serum component
Conjugated bilirubin
