AAMFT Ethics

Question 1

1.1 Non-Discrimination

Answer 1

Marriage and family therapists provide professional assistance to persons without discrimination
on the basis of race, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability, gender, health status, religion, national origin, sexual
orientation, gender identity or relationship status.

Question 2

1.2 Infored Consent

Answer 2

Marriage and family therapists obtain appropriate informed consent to therapy or related procedures
and use language that is reasonably understandable to clients. When persons, due to age or mental status, are legally incapable
of giving informed consent, marriage and family therapists obtain informed permission from a legally authorized person,
if such substitute consent is legally permissible. The content of informed consent may vary depending upon the client and
treatment plan; however, informed consent generally necessitates that the client: (a) has the capacity to consent; (b) has been
adequately informed of significant information concerning treatment processes and procedures; (c) has been adequately
informed of potential risks and benefits of treatments for which generally recognized standards do not yet exist; (d) has freely
and without undue influence expressed consent; and (e) has provided consent that is appropriately documented.

Question 3

1.3 Multiple Relationships

Answer 3

Marriage and family therapists are aware of their influential positions with respect to clients, and
they avoid exploiting the trust and dependency of such persons. Therapists, therefore, make every effort to avoid conditions
and multiple relationships with clients that could impair professional judgment or increase the risk of exploitation. Such
relationships include, but are not limited to, business or close personal relationships with a client or the client’s immediate
family. When the risk of impairment or exploitation exists due to conditions or multiple roles, therapists document the
appropriate precautions taken.

Question 4

1.4 Sexual Intimacy w/ current clients & others

Answer 4

Sexual intimacy with current clients or with known members of the
client’s family system is prohibited.

Question 5

1.5 Sexual Intimacy w/Form clients and others

Answer 5

Sexual intimacy with former clients or with known members of the
client’s family system is prohibited

Question 6

1.6 Reports of Unethical Conduct

Answer 6

Marriage and family therapists comply with applicable laws regarding the reporting of
alleged unethical conduct.

Question 7

1.7 Abuse of the Therapeutic Relationship

Answer 7

Marriage and family therapists do not abuse their power in therapeutic relationships

Question 8

1.8 Client Autonomy in Decision Making

Answer 8

Marriage and family therapists respect the rights of clients to make decisions
and help them to understand the consequences of these decisions. Therapists clearly advise clients that clients have the
responsibility to make decisions regarding relationships such as cohabitation, marriage, divorce, separation, reconciliation,
custody, and visitation.

Question 9

1.9 Relationship Beneficial to Client

Answer 9

Marriage and family therapists continue therapeutic relationships only so long as it is
reasonably clear that clients are benefiting from the relationship.

Question 10

1.10 Referrals

Answer 10

Marriage and family therapists respectfully assist persons in obtaining appropriate therapeutic services if the
therapist is unable or unwilling to provide professional help.

Question 11

1.11 Non-abandonment

Answer 11

Marriage and family therapists do not abandon or neglect clients in treatment without making
reasonable arrangements for the continuation of treatment.

Question 12

1.12 Written Consent to Record

Answer 12

Marriage and family therapists obtain written informed consent from clients before
recording any images or audio or permitting third-party observation

Question 13

1.13 Relationships w/ Third Parties

Answer 13

Marriage and family therapists, upon agreeing to provide services to a person or
entity at the request of a third party, clarify, to the extent feasible and at the outset of the service, the nature of the relationship
with each party and the limits of confidentiality.

Question 14

Confidentiality

Answer 14

Marriage and family therapists have unique confidentiality concerns because the client in a therapeutic relationship may be more
than one person. Therapists respect and guard the confidences of each individual client.

Question 15

2.1 Disclosing Limits of Confidentiality

Answer 15

Marriage and family therapists disclose to clients and other interested parties at
the outset of services the nature of confidentiality and possible limitations of the clients’ right to confidentiality. Therapists
review with clients the circumstances where confidential information may be requested and where disclosure of confidential
information may be legally required. Circumstances may necessitate repeated disclosures.

Question 16

2.2 Written Authorization to Release Client Info

Answer 16

Marriage and family therapists do not disclose client confidences
except by written authorization or waiver, or where mandated or permitted by law. Verbal authorization will not be sufficient
except in emergency situations, unless prohibited by law. When providing couple, family or group treatment, the therapist
does not disclose information outside the treatment context without a written authorization from each individual competent
to execute a waiver. In the context of couple, family or group treatment, the therapist may not reveal any individual’s
confidences to others in the client unit without the prior written permission of that individual.

Question 17

2.3 Client Access to Records

Answer 17

Marriage and family therapists provide clients with reasonable access to records concerning
the clients. When providing couple, family, or group treatment, the therapist does not provide access to records without a
written authorization from each individual competent to execute a waiver. Marriage and family therapists limit client’s access
to their records only in exceptional circumstances when they are concerned, based on compelling evidence, that such access
could cause serious harm to the client. The client’s request and the rationale for withholding some or all of the record should
be documented in the client’s file. Marriage and family therapists take steps to protect the confidentiality of other individuals
identified in client records.

Question 18

2.4 Confidentiality in Non-Clinical Activities

Answer 18

Marriage and family therapists use client and/or clinical materials in
teaching, writing, consulting, research, and public presentations only if a written waiver has been obtained in accordance with
Standard 2.2, or when appropriate steps have been taken to protect client identity and confidentiality.

Question 19

2.5 Protection of Records

Answer 19

Marriage and family therapists store, safeguard, and dispose of client records in ways that
maintain confidentiality and in accord with applicable laws and professional standards.

Question 20

2.6 Preparation for Practice Changes

Answer 20

In preparation for moving a practice, closing a practice, or death, marriage and family
therapists arrange for the storage, transfer, or disposal of client records in conformance with applicable laws and in ways that
maintain confidentiality and safeguard the welfare of clients.

Question 21

2.7 Confidentiality to Consultations

Answer 21

Marriage and family therapists, when consulting with colleagues or referral sources, do
not share confidential information that could reasonably lead to the identification of a client, research participant, supervisee,
or other person with whom they have a confidential relationship unless they have obtained the prior written consent of the
client, research participant, supervisee, or other person with whom they have a confidential relationship. Information may be
shared only to the extent necessary to achieve the purposes of the consultation

Question 22

Professional Competence & Integrity

Answer 22

Marriage and family therapists maintain high standards of professional competence and integrity

Question 23

3.1 Maintenance of Competency

Answer 23

Marriage and family therapists pursue knowledge of new developments and maintain their
competence in marriage and family therapy through education, training, and/or supervised experience

Question 24

3.2 Knowledge of Regulatory Standards

Answer 24

Marriage and family therapists pursue appropriate consultation and training to
ensure adequate knowledge of and adherence to applicable laws, ethics, and professional standards

Question 25

3.3 Seek Assistance

Answer 25

Marriage and family therapists seek appropriate professional assistance for issues that may impair work performance or clinical judgment.

Question 26

3.4 Conflicts of Interest

Answer 26

Marriage and family therapists do not provide services that create a conflict of interest that may impair work performance or clinical judgment.

Question 27

3.5 Maintenance of Records

Answer 27

Marriage and family therapists maintain accurate and adequate clinical and financial records in accordance with applicable law.

Question 28

3.6 Development of New Skills

Answer 28

While developing new skills in specialty areas, marriage and family therapists take steps to ensure the competence of their work and to protect clients from possible harm. Marriage and family therapists practice in specialty areas new to them only after appropriate education, training, and/or supervised experience.

Question 29

3.7 Harassment

Answer 29

Marriage and family therapists do not engage in sexual or other forms of harassment of clients, students, trainees, supervisees, employees, colleagues, or research subjects.

Question 30

3.8 Exploitation

Answer 30

Marriage and family therapists do not engage in the exploitation of clients, students, trainees, supervisees, employees, colleagues, or research subjects.

Question 31

3.9 Gifts

Answer 31

Marriage and family therapists attend to cultural norms when considering whether to accept gifts from or give gifts to clients. Marriage and family therapists consider the potential effects that receiving or giving gifts may have on clients and on the integrity and efficacy of the therapeutic relationship.

Question 32

3.10 Scope of Competence

Answer 32

Marriage and family therapists do not diagnose, treat, or advise on problems outside the recognized boundaries of their competencies.

Question 33

3.11 Public Statements

Answer 33

Marriage and family therapists, because of their ability to influence and alter the lives of others, exercise special care when making public their professional recommendations and opinions through testimony or other public statements.

Question 34

3.12 Professional Misconduct

Answer 34

Marriage and family therapists may be in violation of this Code and subject to termination of membership or other appropriate action if they: (a) are convicted of any felony; (b) are convicted of a misdemeanor related to their qualifications or functions; (c) engage in conduct which could lead to conviction of a felony, or a misdemeanor related to their qualifications or functions; (d) are expelled from or disciplined by other professional organizations; (e) have their licenses or certificates suspended or revoked or are otherwise disciplined by regulatory bodies; (f) continue to practice marriage and family therapy while no longer competent to do so because they are impaired by physical or mental causes or the abuse of alcohol or other substances; or (g) fail to cooperate with the Association at any point from the inception of an ethical complaint through the completion of all proceedings regarding that complaint.

Question 35

Responsibility to Students and Supervisees

Answer 35

Marriage and family therapists do not exploit the trust and dependency of students and supervisees

Question 36

4.1 Exploitation

Answer 36

arriage and family therapists who are in a supervisory role are aware of their influential positions with respect to students and supervisees, and they avoid exploiting the trust and dependency of such persons. Therapists, therefore, make every effort to avoid conditions and multiple relationships that could impair professional objectivity or increase the risk of exploitation. When the risk of impairment or exploitation exists due to conditions or multiple roles, therapists take appropriate precautions.

Question 37

4.2 Therapy w/ Students or Supervisees

Answer 37

Marriage and family therapists do not provide therapy to current students or supervisees.

Question 38

4.3 Sexual Intimacy w/ Students or Supervisees

Answer 38

Marriage and family therapists do not engage in sexual intimacy with students or supervisees during the evaluative or training relationship between the therapist and student or supervisee.

Question 39

4.4 Oversight of Supervisee Competence

Answer 39

Marriage and family therapists do not permit students or supervisees to perform or to hold themselves out as competent to perform professional services beyond their training, level of experience, and competence

Question 40

4.5 Oversight of Supervisee Professionalism

Answer 40

Marriage and family therapists take reasonable measures to ensure that services provided by supervisees are professional.

Question 41

4.6 Exisiting Relationships w/ students or supervisees

Answer 41

Marriage and family therapists are aware of their influential positions with respect to supervisees, and they avoid exploiting the trust and dependency of such persons. Supervisors, therefore, make every effort to avoid conditions and multiple relationships with supervisees that could impair professional judgment or increase the risk of exploitation. Examples of such relationships include, but are not limited to, business or close personal relationships with supervisees or the supervisee’s immediate family. When the risk of impairment or exploitation exists due to conditions or multiple roles, supervisors document the appropriate precautions taken.

Question 42

4.7 Confidentiality w/ Supervisees

Answer 42

Marriage and family therapists do not disclose supervisee confidences except by written authorization or waiver, or when mandated or permitted by law. In educational or training settings where there are multiple supervisors, disclosures are permitted only to other professional colleagues, administrators, or employers who share responsibility for training of the supervisee. Verbal authorization will not be sufficient except in emergency situations, unless prohibited by law.

Question 43

4.8 Payment for Supervision

Answer 43

Marriage and family therapists providing clinical supervision shall not enter into financial arrangements with supervisees through deceptive or exploitative practices, nor shall marriage and family therapists providing clinical supervision exert undue influence over supervisees when establishing supervision fees. Marriage and family therapists shall also not engage in other exploitative practices of supervisees.

Question 44

Research and Publication

Answer 44

Marriage and family therapists respect the dignity and protect the welfare of research participants, and are aware of applicable laws, regulations, and professional standards governing the conduct of research.

Question 45

5.1 Institutional Approval

Answer 45

When institutional approval is required, marriage and family therapists submit accurate information about their research proposals and obtain appropriate approval prior to conducting the research.

Question 46

5.2 Protection of Research Participants

Answer 46

Marriage and family therapists are responsible for making careful examinations of ethical acceptability in planning research. To the extent that services to research participants may be compromised by participation in research, marriage and family therapists seek the ethical advice of qualified professionals not directly involved in the investigation and observe safeguards to protect the rights of research participants.

Question 47

5.3 Informed Consent to Research

Answer 47

Marriage and family therapists inform participants about the purpose of the research, expected length, and research procedures. They also inform participants of the aspects of the research that might reasonably be expected to influence willingness to participate such as potential risks, discomforts, or adverse effects. Marriage and family therapists are especially sensitive to the possibility of diminished consent when participants are also receiving clinical services, or have impairments which limit understanding and/or communication, or when participants are children. Marriage and family therapists inform participants about any potential research benefits, the limits of confidentiality, and whom to contact concerning questions about the research and their rights as research participants.

Question 48

5.4 Right to Decline or Withdraw Participation

Answer 48

Marriage and family therapists respect each participant’s freedom to decline participation in or to withdraw from a research study at any time. This obligation requires special thought and consideration when investigators or other members of the research team are in positions of authority or influence over participants. Marriage and family therapists, therefore, make every effort to avoid multiple relationships with research participants that could impair professional judgment or increase the risk of exploitation. When offering inducements for research participation, marriage and family therapists make reasonable efforts to avoid offering inappropriate or excessive inducements when such inducements are likely to coerce participation.

Question 49

5.5 Confidentiality of Research Data

Answer 49

Information obtained about a research participant during the course of an investigation is confidential unless there is a waiver previously obtained in writing. When the possibility exists that others, including family members, may obtain access to such information, this possibility, together with the plan for protecting confidentiality, is explained as part of the procedure for obtaining informed consent.

Question 50

5.6 Publication

Answer 50

Marriage and family therapists do not fabricate research results. Marriage and family therapists disclose potential conflicts of interest and take authorship credit only for work they have performed or to which they have contributed. Publication credits accurately reflect the relative contributions of the individual involved.

Question 51

5.7 Authorship of Student work

Answer 51

Marriage and family therapists do not accept or require authorship credit for a publication based from student’s research, unless the marriage and family therapist made a substantial contribution beyond being a faculty advisor or research committee member. Co-authorship on student research should be determined in accordance with principles of fairness and justice

Question 52

5.8 Plagiarism

Answer 52

Marriage and family therapists who are the authors of books or other materials that are published or distributed do not plagiarize or fail to cite persons to whom credit for original ideas or work is due.

Question 53

5.9 Accuracy in Publication

Answer 53

Marriage and family therapists who are authors of books or other materials published or distributed by an organization take reasonable precautions to ensure that the published materials are accurate and factual.

Question 54

Technology-Assisted Professional Services

Answer 54

Therapy, supervision, and other professional services engaged in by marriage and family therapists take place over an increasing number of technological platforms. There are great benefits and responsibilities inherent in both the traditional therapeutic and supervision contexts, as well as in the utilization of technologically-assisted professional services. This standard addresses basic ethical requirements of offering therapy, supervision, and related professional services using electronic means.

Question 55

6.1 Technology Assisted Services

Answer 55

Prior to commencing therapy or supervision services through electronic means (including but not limited to phone and Internet), marriage and family therapists ensure that they are compliant with all relevant laws for the delivery of such services. Additionally, marriage and family therapists must: (a) determine that technologicallyassisted services or supervision are appropriate for clients or supervisees, considering professional, intellectual, emotional, and physical needs; (b) inform clients or supervisees of the potential risks and benefits associated with technologically-assisted services; (c) ensure the security of their communication medium; and (d) only commence electronic therapy or supervision after appropriate education, training, or supervised experience using the relevant technology.

Question 56

6.2 Consent to Treat Supervise

Answer 56

Clients and supervisees, whether contracting for services as individuals, dyads, families, or groups, must be made aware of the risks and responsibilities associated with technology-assisted services. Therapists are to advise clients and supervisees in writing of these risks, and of both the therapist’s and clients’/supervisees’ responsibilities for minimizing such risks.

Question 57

6.3 Confidentiality and Professional Responsibilities

Answer 57

It is the therapist’s or supervisor’s responsibility to choose technological platforms that adhere to standards of best practices related to confidentiality and quality of services, and that meet applicable laws. Clients and supervisees are to be made aware in writing of the limitations and protections offered by the therapist’s or supervisor’s technology.

Question 58

6.4 Technology and Documentation

Answer 58

Therapists and supervisors are to ensure that all documentation containing identifying or otherwise sensitive information which is electronically stored and/or transferred is done using technology that adhere to standards of best practices related to confidentiality and quality of services, and that meet applicable laws. Clients and supervisees are to be made aware in writing of the limitations and protections offered by the therapist’s or supervisor’s technology.

Question 59

6.5 Location of Services and Practice

Answer 59

Therapists and supervisors follow all applicable laws regarding location of practice and services, and do not use technologically-assisted means for practicing outside of their allowed jurisdictions.

Question 60

6.6 Training and Use of Current Technology

Answer 60

Marriage and family therapists ensure that they are well trained and competent in the use of all chosen technology-assisted professional services. Careful choices of audio, video, and other options are made in order to optimize quality and security of services, and to adhere to standards of best practices for technology-assisted services. Furthermore, such choices of technology are to be suitably advanced and current so as to best serve the professional needs of clients and supervisees.

Question 61

Professional Evaluations

Answer 61

Marriage and family therapists aspire to the highest of standards in providing testimony in various contexts within the legal system.

Question 62

7.1 Performance of Foresic Services

Answer 62

Marriage and family therapists may perform forensic services which may include interviews, consultations, evaluations, reports, and assessments both formal and informal, in keeping with applicable laws and competencies.

Question 63

7.2 Testimony in Legal Proceedings

Answer 63

Marriage and family therapists who provide expert or fact witness testimony in legal proceedings avoid misleading judgments, base conclusions and opinions on appropriate data, and avoid inaccuracies insofar as possible. When offering testimony, as marriage and family therapy experts, they shall strive to be accurate, objective, fair, and independent.

Question 64

7.3 Competence

Answer 64

Marriage and family therapists demonstrate competence via education and experience in providing testimony in legal systems.

Question 65

7.4 Informed Consent

Answer 65

Marriage and family therapists provide written notice and make reasonable efforts to obtain written consents of persons who are the subject(s) of evaluations and inform clients about the evaluation process, use of information and recommendations, financial arrangements, and the role of the therapist within the legal system.

Question 66

7.5 Avoiding conflicts

Answer 66

Clear distinctions are made between therapy and evaluations. Marriage and family therapists avoid conflict in roles in legal proceedings wherever possible and disclose potential conflicts. As therapy begins, marriage and family therapists clarify roles and the extent of confidentiality when legal systems are involved.

Question 67

7.6 Avoiding Dual Roles

Answer 67

Marriage and family therapists avoid providing therapy to clients for whom the therapist has provided a forensic evaluation and avoid providing evaluations for those who are clients, unless otherwise mandated by legal systems.

Question 68

7.7 Separation of custody Evaluation from therapy

Answer 68

Marriage and family therapists avoid conflicts of interest in treating minors or adults involved in custody or visitation actions by not performing evaluations for custody, residence, or visitation of the minor. Marriage and family therapists who treat minors may provide the court or mental health professional performing the evaluation with information about the minor from the marriage and family therapist’s perspective as a treating marriage and family therapist, so long as the marriage and family therapist obtains appropriate consents to release information.

Question 69

7.8 Professional Opinions

Answer 69

Marriage and family therapists who provide forensic evaluations avoid offering professional opinions about persons they have not directly interviewed. Marriage and family therapists declare the limits of their competencies and information.

Question 70

7.9 Changes in Services

Answer 70

Clients are informed if changes in the role of provision of services of marriage and family therapy occur and/or are mandated by a legal system

Question 71

7.10 Familiarity w/ Rules

Answer 71

Marriage and family therapists who provide forensic evaluations are familiar with judicial and/ or administrative rules prescribing their roles.

Question 72

Financial Arrangements

Answer 72

Marriage and family therapists make financial arrangements with clients, third-party payors, and supervisees that are reasonably understandable and conform to accepted professional practices.

Question 73

8.1 Financial Integrity

Answer 73

Marriage and family therapists do not offer or accept kickbacks, rebates, bonuses, or other remuneration for referrals. Fee-for-service arrangements are not prohibited.

Question 74

8.2 Disclosure of Financial Policies

Answer 74

Prior to entering into the therapeutic or supervisory relationship, marriage and family therapists clearly disclose and explain to clients and supervisees: (a) all financial arrangements and fees related to professional services, including charges for canceled or missed appointments; (b) the use of collection agencies or legal measures for nonpayment; and (c) the procedure for obtaining payment from the client, to the extent allowed by law, if payment is denied by the third-party payor. Once services have begun, therapists provide reasonable notice of any changes in fees or other charges.

Question 75

8.3 Notice of payment recovery procedures

Answer 75

Marriage and family therapists give reasonable notice to clients with unpaid balances of their intent to seek collection by agency or legal recourse. When such action is taken, therapists will not disclose clinical information.

Question 76

8.4 Truthful Representation of Services

Answer 76

Marriage and family therapists represent facts truthfully to clients, third-party payors, and supervisees regarding services rendered.

Question 77

8.5 Bartering

Answer 77

Marriage and family therapists ordinarily refrain from accepting goods and services from clients in return for services rendered. Bartering for professional services may be conducted only if: (a) the supervisee or client requests it; (b) the relationship is not exploitative; (c) the professional relationship is not distorted; and (d) a clear written contract is established.

Question 78

8.6 Withholding Records for Non-payment

Answer 78

Marriage and family therapists may not withhold records under their immediate control that are requested and needed for a client’s treatment solely because payment has not been received for past services, except as otherwise provided by law.

Question 79

Advertising

Answer 79

Marriage and family therapists engage in appropriate informational activities, including those that enable the public, referral sources, or others to choose professional services on an informed basis.

Question 80

9.1 Accurate Professional Representation

Answer 80

Marriage and family therapists accurately represent their competencies, education, training, and experience relevant to their practice of marriage and family therapy in accordance with applicable law.

Question 81

9.2 Promotional Materials

Answer 81

Marriage and family therapists ensure that advertisements and publications in any media are true, accurate, and in accordance with applicable law.

Question 82

9.3 Professional Affiliations

Answer 82

Marriage and family therapists do not hold themselves out as being partners or associates of a firm if they are not.

Question 83

9.4 Professional Identifications

Answer 83

Marriage and family therapists do not use any professional identification (such as a business card, office sign, letterhead, Internet, or telephone or association directory listing) if it includes a statement or claim that is false, fraudulent, misleading, or deceptive.

Question 84

9.5 Educational Credentials

Answer 84

Marriage and family therapists claim degrees for their clinical services only if those degrees demonstrate training and education in marriage and family therapy or related fields.

Question 85

9.6 Employee or Supervisee Qualifications

Answer 85

Marriage and family therapists make certain that the qualifications of their employees and supervisees are represented in a manner that is true, accurate, and in accordance with applicable law

Question 86

9.7 Specialization

Answer 86

Marriage and family therapists represent themselves as providing specialized services only after taking reasonable steps to ensure the competence of their work and to protect clients, supervisees, and others from harm.

Question 87

9.8 Correction of misinformation

Answer 87

Marriage and family therapists correct, wherever possible, false, misleading, or inaccurate information and representations made by others concerning the therapist’s qualifications, services, or products.