AAQ Unit 1 Organelles Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells with a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.
What is the plasma membrane?
The membrane surrounding the cell, providing protection and regulating what enters and leaves the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
The jelly-like substance within the cell, containing organelles and the cytoskeleton.
What is the nucleus?
The control center of the cell, containing DNA and responsible for growth and reproduction.
What is the nucleolus?
A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus, involved in the production of ribosomes.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis. Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, smooth ER does not.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
A series of stacked membranes that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.
What are vesicles?
Small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell.
What are lysosomes?
Organelles containing digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.
What are 80S ribosomes?
Larger ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells, responsible for protein synthesis.
What are mitochondria?
Site of aerobic (with oxygen) respiration
What are centrioles?
Structures involved in cell division and movements of cilia and flagella
What are cilia?
Hair-like structures on the surface of some cells, involved in movement and sensing the environment.
What is a nucleoid?
Region in bacterial cells where the genetic material (DNA) is located.
What are plasmids?
Small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomal DNA.
What are 70S ribosomes?
Smaller ribosomes responsible for protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells.
What is a capsule?
Protective outer layer that helps the cell stick to surfaces and avoid/resist attack by the immune system.
What is a Murein cell wall?
Made of murein in bacteria. It’s a rigid structure that provides support and protection to the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
Jelly-like substance inside the cell where cellular processes occur.
What is a plasma membrane?
partially-permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What are mesosomes?
In-foldings of the plasma membrane involved in cellular processes such as binary fissions (bacterial cell replication).
What are flagellae?
Long, whip-like structures used for cell movement.
What are pili?
Hair-like structures that help bacteria attach to surfaces and each other.
What is a cellulose cell wall?
A rigid layer made of cellulose that provides structural support and protection to plant cells.
