AB Classes Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the oral form of penicillin? IV form?
Pen V - PO
Pen G - IV
What is the spectrum of penicillin?
Penicillin:
GP - Strept, Enterococcus, Listeria
GN - Niesseria, Treponema palldum
Anaerobes (oral)
What is the spectrum of cloxacillin?
Clox is a Penicillinase-stable penicillin:
GP -Strept, STAPH aureus (not MRSA)
What is the spectrum of amoxicillin (ampicillin IV)?
Amox is an ES penicillin:
Same as penicillin, plus more gram neg:
E coli, Proteus, H. influenzae
(not staph)
How does amoxi spectrum change with addition of Clavulanic acid?
Clav (B-lactamase inhibitor) adds:
inc GP Staph aureus (not MRSA)
inc GN E.coli, H.flu
+ adds anaerobes (bacteroides)
What is the spectrum of Pip-tazo?
ES Pen + B-lactamase inhibitor:
Very broad. Covers same as amox,
plus lots of gram neg (citrobacter, acinetobacter, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia), anaerobes;
more staph coverage (not MRSA)
What are the three 1st gen cephalosporins?
Cefadroxil (po)
Cephalexin (po)
Cefazolin (IV)
What is the spectrum of 1st gen cephalosporins?
GP: Strep, staph (not MRSA, not enterococcus)
GN: Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella
Name the four 2nd gen cephalosporins
Cefaclor (po)
Cefprozil (po)
Cefuroxime (IV, -axetil po)
Cefoxitin (IV)
What is the spectrum of 2nd gen cephalosporins?
Compared to first gen: Increased S. pneumo (cefprozil+cefuroxime) Decreased Staph aureus Increased GN: H flu, Neissera, Moraxella Cefoxitin covers anerobes (Bacteroides)
What are the four 3rd gen cephalosporins?
Cefixime (PO)
Cefotaxime (IV)
Ceftriaxone (IV)
Ceftazidime (IV)
What is the spectrum of the 3rd gen cephs?
Doesn’t cover anaerobes
Compared to 2nd gen:
Increased S. pneumoniae (Cefotax and Ceftriax)
Increased GN Serratia (not ESBLs)
Ceftazidime has decreased S. pneumo and S aureus, and increased GN Pseudomonas
What are the 3 carbapenems?
Ertapenem
Imipenem-cilastatin
Meropenem
(all IV)
What is the spectrum of carbapenems?
GP: Strep, S aureus (not MRSA), variable E.faecalis
GN: E.coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, ESBLs
Anaerobes (oral, Bacteroides)
Name the macrolides (+azolide)
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin (po only)
Azithromycin
What is the spectrum of macrolides (+azolide)?
GP: variable Strep (not PRSP)
variable S aureus (not MRSA)
Name the three tetracyclines
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline
(all PO)
What is the spectrum of tetracyclines?
GP: variable Strep, S. aureus, including MRSA (community-acquired)
Broad gram negative
(Not pseudomonas)
Anaerobes (bacteroides)
Name the four fluoroquinolones
Cipro
Levo (resp)
Moxi (resp – S. pneumo)
Norfloxacin (urinary)
What is the spectrum of the quinolones?
GP acquire resistance - avoid
Broad GN coverage
Cipro + Levo = pseudomonas
Moxifloxacin = anaerobes (bacteroides)! less pseudomonas
Name the aminoglycosides
Amikacin Gentamicin Streptomycin Tobramycin (all IV)
Spectrum of aminoglycosides
Broad gram neg, incl ESBLs
Clindamycin spectrum
GP - strep, S. aureus including MRSA
Anaerobes (oral, ?bacteroides)
Fosfomycin use
Urinary pathogens - E. coli, enterococcus
