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Z Year 2 Anatomy > Abdomen 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

continuous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (abdominal viscera)

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2
Q

What is the role of the peritoneum?

A
  1. Support the viscera

2. Providespathwaysfor blood vessels and lymph to travel to and from the viscera

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3
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum that are continuous with each other?

A
  1. parietal

2. visceral

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4
Q

What are both the parietal and visceral layers made of?

A

mesothelium (simple squamous epithelial cells)

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5
Q

What does the parietal perineum line?

A

internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall

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6
Q

What is the parietal perineum derived from?

A

somatic mesodermin the embryo

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7
Q

Why is pain from the parietal peritoneum well localised?

A

receives the samesomaticnerve supply as the region of the abdominal wall that it lines

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8
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?

A
  1. pressure
  2. pain
  3. laceration
  4. temperature
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9
Q

Where is the visceral peritoneum derived from?

A

splanchnic mesodermin the embryo

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10
Q

Why is pain from the visceral peritoneum poorly localised?

A

has the sameautonomicnerve supply as the viscera it covers

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11
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to?

A
  • stretch

- chemical irritation

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12
Q

How is pain from the visceral peritoneum referred to?

A

dermatomes

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13
Q

What are dermatomes supplied by?

A

same sensory ganglia and spinal cord segments as the nerve fibres innervating the viscera

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14
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

potential spacebetween the parietal and visceral peritoneum

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15
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity contain?

A

a small amount of lubricating fluid

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16
Q

When can you get damage to the peritoneum?

A

infection, surgery or injury

17
Q

What could the formation of fibrous scar tissue result in?

A

abnormal attachmentsbetween the visceral peritoneum of adjacent organs or between visceral and parietal peritoneum

18
Q

What would adhesions result in?

A

pain and complications such asvolvulus, when the intestine becomes twisted around an adhesion resulting in a bowel obstruction

19
Q

What are intraperitoneal organs?

A
  • enveloped by visceral peritoneum

- covers the organ both anteriorly and posteriorly

20
Q

What are examples of intraperitoneal organs?

A
  1. stomach
  2. liver
  3. spleen
21
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs covered in?

A
  1. not associated with visceral peritoneum
  2. only covered in parietal peritoneum
  3. that peritoneum only covers theiranterior surface
22
Q

What are primary retroperitenial organs?

A

developed and remain outside of the parietal peritoneum

23
Q

What are examples of retroperitenial organs?

A
  1. esophagus
  2. rectum
  3. kidneys
24
Q

What were secondary retroperitoneal organs initially?

A

initially intraperitoneal suspended by mesentery

25
Q

What happens to the secondary retroperitoneal organs through the course of embryogenesis?

A
  • retroperitoneal as their mesentery fused with the posterior abdominal wall
  • So in adults only anterior surface covered with peritoneum
26
Q

What are examples of secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

ascending and descendingcolon

27
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

double layer of visceral peritoneum

28
Q

What does the mesentery connect?

A

intraperitoneal organ to (usually) the posterior abdominal wall

29
Q

What does the mesentery provide?

A

pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to travel from the body wall to the viscera

30
Q

What are omenta?

A

sheets of visceral peritoneum that extend from thestomach and proximal part of the duodenumto other abdominal organs

31
Q

What does the greater omentum consist of?

A

four layers of visceral peritoneum

32
Q

What is the journey of the greater omentum?

A
  1. descends from thegreater curvatureof the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum
  2. then folds back up and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon.
33
Q

What is the role of the greater omentum?

A
  • immunity

- can migrate to infected viscera or to the site of surgical disturbance

34
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

double layer of visceral peritoneum

35
Q

What does the lesser omentum attach?

A

from thelesser curvatureof the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

36
Q

What does the lesser omentum consist of?

A
  1. hepatogastric ligament (the flat, broad sheet)

2. hepatoduodenal ligament (the free edge, containing the portal triad).

37
Q

What is the peritoneal ligament?

A

double fold of peritoneum that connects viscera together or connects viscera to the abdominal wall

38
Q

What is an example of peritoneal ligament?

A

hepatogastric ligament - a portion of the lesser omentum, which connects the liver to the stomach

Z Year 2 Anatomy (16 decks)

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