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1. Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Layers of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Skin, Superficial fascia (Camper’s fascia, Scarpa’s fascia) Deep investing fascia, Muscles & apponeuroses, Endoabdominal (transversalis), Extraparitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum

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2
Q

Muscles of the abdomen

A

rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transverse abdominis

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3
Q

Inguinal Canal

A

Tunnel for passage of structures thru abdominal wall
–Males –spermatic cord
–Females –Round ligament of uterus
–Ilioinguinal N. in both sexes

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4
Q

Muscles of the abdomen

A

rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis

External oblique

Internal oblique

Transverse abdominis

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5
Q

Arcuate Line

A

Demarcates the lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath. It is also where the inferior epigastric vessels perforate the rectus abdominis.

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6
Q

Scrotal layers

A

From deep to superficial:
Tunica vaginalis (visceral layer)/epiorchium
Tunica vaginalis (parietal layer)/periorcium (from peritoneum)
Internal spermatic fascia (from transversus abdominis muscle)
Cremaster muscle and its fascia (from internal oblique muscle)
External spermatic fascia (from external oblique muscle)
Skin with dartos fascia (continuation of Sarpa’s)

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7
Q

Inguinal Triangle

A

Boundaries:
Medial border: Lateral margin of the rectus sheath, (linea semilunaris)

Superolateral border: Inferior epigastric vessels

Inferior border: Inguinal ligament

The inguinal triangle contains a depression referred to as the medial inguinal fossa, through which direct inguinal hernias protrude through the abdominal wall.

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8
Q

Inguinal Hernia

A

Protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal

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9
Q

Spermatic Cord

A
  • ductus deferens
  • testicular artery
  • artery of the ductus deferens
  • cremasteric artery
  • pampiniform venous plexus
  • sympathetic nerve fibres
  • genital br.of genitofemoral nerve
  • lymphatic vessels
  • remnants of the processus vaginalis
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10
Q

Varicocele

A

Abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum.

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11
Q

Canal of Nuck

A

an abnormal patent (open) pouch of peritoneum extending into the labia majora of women.

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12
Q

Bicornuate Uterus

A

Formed during embryogenesis. The fusion process of the upper part of the Müllerian ducts (Paramesonephric ducts) is altered. As a result the caudal part of the uterus is normal while the cephalo part is bifurcated.

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13
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum

A testis absent from the normal scrotal position can be:

  1. found anywhere along the “path of descent”
  2. ectopic, that is, found to have “wandered” from that path,
  3. found to be undeveloped (hypoplastic) or severely abnormal (dysgenetic);
  4. found to have vanished
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14
Q

Horseshoe Kidney

A

Fusion of the caudal portions of the kidneys during embryonic development.

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15
Q

Renal Agenesis

A

A medical condition in which one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) fetal kidneys fail to develop

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16
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.

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17
Q

Annular Pancreas

A

second part of the duodenum is surrounded by a ring of pancreatic tissue continuous with the head of the pancreas.

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18
Q

Epispadias

A

The urethra does not develop into a full tube and the urine exits the body from an abnormal location.

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19
Q

Chordee

A

Condition in which the head of the penis curves downward or upward, at the junction of the head and shaft of the penis.

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20
Q

VACTERL association

A

Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Transesophageal fistula, Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies, Limb defects

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21
Q

Posterior abdominal wall muscles

A

psoas, quadratus lumborum, iliacus, transverse abdominal and oblique muscles

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22
Q

Hiatus for IVC, Espophgus, Aorta

23
Q

Nerves related to Psoas

Study These Flashcards
A

Lateral: Femoral
Anterior (piercing): Genitofemoral
Medial: Obturator

24
Q

Fascia layers around the kidney

Study These Flashcards
A

Transversallis fascia, Pararenal fat (posterior, lateral), Renal fascias, Perirenal fat (of Gerota) Fibrous Capsule

25
Nephroptosis
condition in which the kidney drops down into the pelvis when the patient stands up
26
Intrarenal arteries
Segmental, Interlobar, Arcuate, Cortical
27
Branches of the abdominal aorta
Celiac Trunk, Inferior phrenic, Middle suprarenal, Renal (left and right) Supirior and inferior mesenteric, Gonadal, Lumbar, Common Illiacs, Median sacral
28
Branches of the left renal vein
Left suprarenal vein, Left gonadal vein, left inferior phrenic vein
29
constrictions of the ureters
Ureteropelvic junction At the point that the ureters cross the brim of the pelvic outlet ureterovesical junction
30
Cloaca
Endodermal cavity, constituting: •the expanded lower part of the hindgut •It receives the allantois & its yolk sac diverticulum •in contact with the ectoderm at the cloacal membrane:
31
allantois
A membranous sac that develops from the posterior part of the alimentary canal in the embryo. It is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in mammals
32
Urorectal septum
mesenchymal tissue Divides tissue into : •Ventral primitive urogenital sinus •Dorsal primitive rectum •Cranial part of the anal canal
33
PRONEPHROS
Early week 4 Site: cervical region, -transitory & nonfunctional, -degenerates [except pronephric duct]
34
Mesonephros
Late week 4 Site: Thoracolumbar region, - functional for about 4 weeks. - Consists of mesonephric tubules & opens into the mesonephric (pronephric) ducts
35
METANEPHROS
Early week 5 * Site: in the sacral region * primordium of permanent kidney * 9th week urine formation begins Buds off caudal end of mesonephric duct, surrounded by metanephric mass of intermediate mesoderm to form future cortex.
36
Foregut
Derivatives: Pharynx and its derivatives,Lower respiratory tract,Esophagus, Stomach Duodenum up to the major duodenal papilla, Liver, Biliary apparatus and Pancreas Artery: Celiac Nerve supply: Sympmathetic - Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves Parasympathetic - Vagus
37
Midgut
Derivatives: Duodenum distal to the major duodenal papilla,Jejunum & Ileum; Cecum & Appendix,Ascending colon & right 2/3 of transverse colon Artery: Superior Mesenteric Nerve Supply: Sympmathetic - Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves Parasympathetic - Vagus
38
Hindgut
``` Derivatives: Left 1/3 of Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon & rectum Anal canal up to the pectinate line Urinary bladder & most of Urethra ``` Artery: Inferior Mesenteric Nerve Supply: Sympathetic - Lumbar & Sacral splanchnic nerves Parasympathetic - Pelvic splanchnic nerves
39
Blood supply of abdominal primitive gut
Celiac artery: Foregut Superior Mesenteric Artery: Midgut Inferior Mesenteric Artery: Hindgut
40
Midgut rotation
total 270 degree rotation anticlockwise
41
Gubernaculum
From mesynchyme Aids in the descent of the gonads (both testes and ovaries) in males forms the scrotal ligament
42
Mesonephric duct
Wolffian Duct Forms the epididymis, the vas deferens, and the seminal vesicle in males Digresses in females
43
Paramesonephric Duct
Mullerian Duct Develop to form the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper two-thirds of the vagina Digresses in males
44
Processus vaginalis
Outpouching of the peritoneum In males, it precedes the testis in their descent down within the gubernaculum, and closes. The testis passes posterior to the processus vaginalis -not through it.
45
Conjoint tendon
Common tendon of the internal abdominal oblique and external abdominal oblique as they insert into the crest of the pubis
46
Umbilical folds and derivatives
Lateral folds - Inferior epigastric vessels Medial folds - obliterated umbilical veins Median fold - obliterated urachas (Allantois)
47
ligament of Treitz
Anchors the 4th portion of the duodenum to the diaphragm
48
Diverticulitis
Small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine (diverticulosis) that become inflamed or infected. Most often, these pouches are in the large intestine Diverticulosis
49
Nutcracker Syndrome
Renal vein entrapment syndrome compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. resulting in increased pressure to the testicular vein resulting in pain in the testicles and left flank
50
Kerh Sign
indication of a ruptured spleen. Characterized by intense radiating pain to the top of the left shoulder
51
Rovsing sign
indicator of gallbladder inflammation pain referred to the right shoulder
52
Spigelian hernia
hernia occurring along the semilunar line below the umbilical region
53
Richter Hernia
hernia that presents as a strangulated segment of part of the wall of an intestinal loop through any hernial opening

1. Anatomy (7 decks)

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