Abdomen

Question 1

Where is the abdomen?

Answer 1

between the thorax and the pelvis

Question 2

what is special about the abdomen?

Answer 2

flexible, houses most of the organs.

Question 3

what contains the abdominal organs and their contents?

Answer 3

musculo-aponeurotic walls, the diaphragm, and the muscles of the pevlis.

Question 4

what suspends the anterolateral musclo-aponeurotic walls?

Answer 4

two bony rings - the inferior margin of the thoracic skeleton superiorly and the pelvic girdle inferiorly

Question 5

features of the abdominal walls

Answer 5

contract, distend, accommodate expansions caused by ingestion, pregnancy, fat or pahtology

Question 6

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 6

serous membrane that covers several organs lying agains the posterior wall

Question 7

the peritoneum reflects on the?

Answer 7

abdominal viscera

Question 8

examples of abdominal viscera?

Answer 8

stomach, intestine, liver and spleen

Question 9

what is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 9

space formed between the walls and viscera.

Question 10

the abdominal cavity forms what?

Answer 10

the superior and major part of the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 11

what is the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 11

cavity extending from the thoracic diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm.

Question 12

the abdominal cavity has no what? and why?

Answer 12

no floor because it is continuous with the pelvic cavity

Question 13

what arbitrarily separates the abdominal and pelvic cavities?

Answer 13

the pelvic inlet

Question 14

the abdominal cavity extends to where?

Answer 14

superiorly into the thoracic cage

Question 15

the greater pelvis does what?

Answer 15

supports and partly protects the abdominal viscera

Question 16

the abdominal cavity is the location for?

Answer 16

most digestive parts of the urogenital system and the spleen.

Question 17

the transverse planes are also the?

Answer 17

subcostal planes, passing through the inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage on each side

Question 18

where does the transtubercular plane pass?

Answer 18

through the iliac tubercles and the body of the L5 vertebra

Question 19

the transpyloric plane is where?

Answer 19

midway between the manubrium and pubic symphysis

Question 20

where is the interspinous plane?

Answer 20

passes through the ASIS

Question 21

where is the transumbilical plane?

Answer 21

passes through the umbilicus

Question 22

what are the nine abdominal areas?

Answer 22

RH - right hypochondrium, RL- right flank, RI - Right inguinal (groin), E- epigastric, U-Umbilical, P-Pubic

LH- left hypochondriac, LL- left flank, LI - left inguinal (groin)

Question 23

Name the four abdominal quadrants

Answer 23

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

Question 24

What is the in the RUQ?

Answer 24

Liver, gallbladder, stomach, duodenum 1-3, pancreas, kidney, ascending, transverse colon

Question 25

what is the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 25

indefinite boundary between the anterior and lateral walls. 7-10th cartilages, xiphoid process, inguinal ligament and the superior margins of the pelvic girdle.

Question 26

what does the anterolateral abdominal wall consist of?

Answer 26

skin, subcutaneous tisse, deep fascia, fat, and parietal peritonuem.

Question 27

What is in the LUQ?

Answer 27

liver, spleen, stomach, jejunum, pancreas, kidney, suprarenal gland, transverse and descending colon

Question 28

what is in the RLQ?

Answer 28

cecum, appendix, ileum, ascending colon, ovary, uterine tube, ureter, uterus, urinary bladder

Question 29

what is in the LLQ?

Answer 29

sigmoid colon, descending colon, ovary, uterine tube, ureter, uterus, urinary bladder.

Question 30

what are the two layers of the subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 30

superficial fatty layer and the deep membranous layer.

Question 31

what covers the three layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall and their aponeuroses?

Answer 31

superficial, intermediate, and deep layers of investing fascia.

Question 32

what are aponeuroses?

Answer 32

flat expanded tendons

Question 33

what is epimysium?

Answer 33

outer fibroud CT surrounding muscles

Question 34

what is the endoabdominal fascia?

Answer 34

membranous and areolar sheets lining the abdominal wall

Question 35

what is the transversalis fascia?

Answer 35

lining of the deep surface of the transversus abdominos muscle and its aponeurosis

Question 36

parietal peritoneum is made up of what?

Answer 36

single layer of epithelial cells and supporting CT.

Question 37

what are the five muscles in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 37

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus, abdominis, the large rectus abdominis, small pyramidalis.

Question 38

what is the linea alba?

Answer 38

line extending from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

Question 39

what is the rectus sheath?

Answer 39

formed by the aponeuroses. it is tough, tendinous and aponeurotic. encloses the rectus abdonimis muscle.

Question 40

what is the origin and insertion of the external oblique?

Answer 40

external surfaces of the 5th-12th ribs. | linea alba, pubic tubercle and anterior half of the iliac crest.

Question 41

what is the innervation and action of the external oblique?

Answer 41

thoraco-abdominal nerves T7-T11 spinal nerves and subcostal nerve. it compresses and supports abdominal viscera. flexes and rotates trunk

Question 42

what is origin and insertion of the internal oblique?

Answer 42

thorcolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, CT deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament. inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs, linea alba, pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Question 43

what is the innervation and action of the internal oblique?

Answer 43

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves) & first lumbar nerves. it compresses and supports abdominal viscera. flexes and rotates trunk

Question 44

what is the origin and insertion of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 44

internal surfaces of the 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, CT deel to lateral third of inguinal ligament. linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, pecten pubis via conjoint joint.

Question 45

what is the innervation and action of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 45

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves) & first lumbar nerves. compresses and supports abdominal viscera

Question 46

what is the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 46

pubic symphysis and pubic crest. xiphoid process and 5-7th costal cartilages

Question 47

what is the innervation and action of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 47

thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves)

Question 48

the external obliques aponeurosis attaches to?

Answer 48

pubic crest

Question 49

where is the inguinal ligament?

Answer 49

crease between thigh and trunk. it is continuous with deep fascia of thigh.

Question 50

what is a retinaculum?

Answer 50

retaining band.

Question 51

where is the transversus abdominis?

Answer 51

innermost of the three flat muscles.

Question 52

where is the neurovascular plane?

Answer 52

between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.

Question 53

what does the neurovascular plane contain?

Answer 53

nerves and arteries supplying the anterolateral abdominal wall. these lie mostly in the subcutaneous tissue

Question 54

what is the pyramidalis?

Answer 54

small, insignificant triangular muscle. missing in 20% of ppl.

Question 55

where is the pyramidalis?

Answer 55

anterior to the inferior part of the rectus abdominis. attaches to the pubis and pubic ligament. ends in the linea alba.

Question 56

where is the major site of fat storage?

Answer 56

subcutaneous tissue of the fascia of the anterolateral abdominal wall