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Veterinary Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the regions of the abdomen

A

hypochondriac, xyphoid, umbilical, flank, inguinal, pubic

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2
Q

all abdominal muscles find their endpoint in the

A

linea alba

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3
Q

the linea alba runs from

A

the xiphoid to the cranial part of the pelvic symphysis

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4
Q

the main weight of the abdominal organs is carried by the

A

prepubic tendon

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5
Q

origin and insertion of external abdominal oblique

A

O: lateral surface of ribs and lumbar fascia
I: linea alba

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6
Q

origin and insertion of internal abdominal oblique

A

O: tuber coxa
I: linea alba

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7
Q

origin and insertion of transversus abdominis

A

O: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: linea alba

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8
Q

origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

A

O: ventral surface of rib
I: pubic brim (via prepubic tendon)

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9
Q

the rectus sheath is made up of

A

the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis

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10
Q

iliopsoas is formed from

A

iliacus and psoas major

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11
Q

what vessels/nerves travel through the inguinal canal

A

external pudendal artery and vein, genitofemoral nerve, efferent vessels from the superficial inguinal lymph node

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12
Q

after exiting the superficial inguinal ring, where do the external pudendal vessels travel to? what about the spermatic cord (or vaginal process in the case of females)

A

towards the superficial inguinal LN; the spermatic cord will travel towards the scrotum

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13
Q

the superficial inguinal ring is made up of

A

the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

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14
Q

the deep inguinal ring is bounded by

A

the internal abdominal oblique, the rectus abdominis, and the inguinal ligament

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15
Q

what is the inguinal ligament

A

the caudal edge of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

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16
Q

what are the arteries of the abdominal wall?

A

cranial superficial/deep epigastric a/v (off of internal thoracic)
caudal superficial/deep epigastric a/v (off of PG trunk)
lateral thoracic (off of axillary)
deep circumflex iliac (off of aorta)

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17
Q

name T13, L1, and L2 nerves

A

T13: costoabdominal
L1: iliohypogastric
L2: ilioinguinal

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18
Q

what nerve would you NOT block for standing flank surgery and why

A

L3: genitofemoral; if blocked the animal will lay down

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19
Q

the dorsal branches of T13-L5 innervate

A

epaxial muscles and skin of dorsal flank

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20
Q

the ventral branches of T13-L5 innervate

A

the abdominal muscles, skin of ventral flank, udder/scrotum

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21
Q

the greater omentum attaches

A

greater curvature of stomach to spleen and body wall

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22
Q

the lesser omentum attaches

A

lesser curvature of stomach to liver

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23
Q

the space between the greater and lesser omentum is called the

A

omental bursa

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24
Q

why is it that horses are more prone to peritonitis than other species

A

they have a poorly developed omentum, which has immune activity and is protective against adhesions

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25
coronary ligament
liver to diaphragm
26
round ligament
edges of falciform ligament
27
falciform ligament
liver to ventral body wall
28
nephrosplenic ligament
spleen to LEFT kidney
29
triangular ligament
edges of liver to diaphragm
30
gastrosplenic ligament
part of the greater omentum connecting stomach to spleen
31
from esophagus to duodenum, what are the regions of stomach
cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
32
what fold exists between the body and pylorus
angular incisures
33
T/F the pancreas has two lobes
T
34
what is the fold between the ileum and cecum
ileocecal fold
35
what is the opening between the ileum and the colon
ileocolic orifice
36
ilium vs ileum
ilium = part of the bony pelvis ileum = in abdominal cavity
37
the cecum is huge in _____ and __________ and small in _________ and _________
horse and rabbit; dog and cat
38
the quadrate lobe of the liver lies between
the falciform ligament and the gallbladder
39
the caudate lobe contacts
the RIGHT kidney
40
where do the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum run in ruminants
superficial: from left side of (ventral sac of) rumen to duodenum deep: from right side of (ventral sac of ) rumen to duodenum
41
where does the lesser omentum run in ruminants
from the lesser curvature of the abomasum to the liver
42
what is responsible for the bypass of milk during suckling and where is it located
the esophageal groove; bypasses milk into the abomasum
43
what is in the ventral sac of the rumen and why
rumen papillae; absorb volatile fatty acids
44
in the omasum; 1-4 indicates
1 being longest; 4 being shortest
45
in ruminants, the dorsal trunk of vagus innervates
everything
46
in ruminants, the ventral trunk of vagus innervates
reticulum, omasum, abomasum
47
what is at the base of the rabbit cecum
sacculus rotundus
48
what is at the apex of the rabbit cecum
caecal appendix (long and skinny)
49
in the horse, the cecum is on the (right/left) side
right side (first exit = RVC)
50
what type of colic produces sounds with peristalsis that sound like waves
sternal flexure sand colic
51
what is the most common site of colic in horses
pelvic flexure (narrowest region)
52
the dorsal part of the equine stomach (i.e. the fundus) is
non glandular
53
the ventral part of the equine stomach (i.e. the body and pylorus) is
glandular
54
what part of the equine stomach is prone to bot fly infestation and ulceration
the non-glandular region (i.e. the fundus)
55
the margo plicatus separates what regions of the equine stomach
the fundus and the body
56
the pancreatic duct and common bile duct open into the duodenum via the
minor duodenal papilla
57
what is a common cause of splenic entrapment and colic in horses
the nephrosplenic ligament
58
what happens in splenic entrapment
the ascending colon moves on top of the spleen; the spleen enlarges and becomes necrotic
59
what is a clinical indication of jejunitis
when performing rectal palpation, you can feel the jejunum around the cecum; should not normally be in this location
60
what are the three parts of the cecum
base, body, apex
61
the cecocolic opening is usually (above/below) the ileocecal orifice
usually above; food coming in from the ileocecal orifice has to be broken down into smaller particles, which float and are then removed via the cecocolic opening
62
the colic and right colic branches anastomose where in horses
at the pelvic flexure
63
the pelvic flexure has how many taeniae
1
64
the descending colon has how many taeniae
2
65
what structures of the equine GI tract are palpable per rectum
descending colon and cecum
66
which species does not have antimesentric ileal arteries
horses
67
phrenicoabdominal arteries are only present in
carnivores
68
which kidney is more cranial
right kidney
69
where is the location of the terminal recess in horse kidneys
between the medulla layers
70
what does the portal venous system drain
all GI tract, spleen and pancreas
71
hepatic veins empty where
caudal vena cava, from the craniodorsal aspect of the liver
72
what does the caudal vena cava drain
caudal rectum, non-GI abdominal organs, pelvis, hindlimbs
73
azygous vein drains
cranial abdominal wall
74
what three autonomic nerves plexuses exist in the abdomen/pelvis
celiacomesentric, caudal mesentric and pelvic plexus
75
in animals besides ruminants, the dorsal trunk of the vagus supplies
stomach
76
in animal besides ruminants, the ventral trunk of the vagus supplies
All GI to transverse colon
77
the pelvic nerve supplies
descending colon, urogenital organs, pelvis

Veterinary Anatomy (16 decks)

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