Abdomen Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the structures of the superficial fascia below the umbilicus?
Camper fascia - superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue
Scarpa fascia - deep membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue
What is the order of deepness of the muscles of the anterolateral wall?
Transverse abdominis muscle - most deep
Internal oblique muscle
External oblique muscle - least deep
Roles of the muscles of the anterolateral wall
All 3 muscles compress and support abdominal viscera
They are involved in any action that increases the intra-abdominal pressure
External and internal oblique muscles flex and rotate the trunk
What are the directions of the external and internal oblique muscles?
External: downwards and forwards
Internal: downwards and backwards
How is the external oblique muscle attached?
Originates from ribs 5-12 and inserts onto the iliac crest and pubic tubercle
What are the actions of the external oblique muscles?
Contralateral rotation of the torso
How is inguinal ligament formed?
Formed from the inferior free margin/border of the external oblique aponeurosis
How is the inguinal ligament attached?
Attachment from the anterior superior iliac spine down to the pubic tubercle
How is the internal oblique muscles attached?
Attachment originates from the inguinal ligament, iliac crest and lumbodorsal fascia and inserts onto ribs 10 and 12
What are the actions of the internal oblique muscles?
Bilateral contraction compresses the abdomen, while unilateral contraction ipsilaterally rotates the torso
How do the fibres of the transverse abdominis muscle pass?
Fibres of transverse abdominis muscle pass transversely
What are the attachments of the transverse abdominis muscle?
Attachment originates from the inguinal ligament, costal cartilage 7-12, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia. It inserts onto the conjoint tendon, xiphoid process, linea alba and the pubic crest
What are the actions of transverse abdominis muscles?
Compression of abdominal contents/abdominal viscera
How is the inguinal canal formed?
Formed in relation to the descent of the testes during foetal development
How does the inguinal canal lie?
The inguinal canal is 4cm long and lies parallel and superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament
What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?
Deep inguinal ring
Superficial inguinal ring
What does the inguinal canal transmit in males and females?
Males: transmits spermatic cord
Females: transmits round ligament of the uterus
What is the round ligament in a female?
It’s a remnant/remainder of the embryonic gubernaculum
Where does the round ligament originate from and attach to?
Originates at the uterine horns and attaches to the labia majora, passing through the inguinal canal
What is the deep inguinal ring?
It’s the entrance to the inguinal canal - it’s the beginning of the evagination of the transversalis fascia
How does the deep inguinal ring lie?
It lies superior to the middle of the inguinal ligament and lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
What is the superficial inguinal ring formed by?
Formed by the evagination of the external oblique aponeurosis
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
It’s the exit point of the inguinal canal where the spermatic cord/round ligament of the uterus emerges from the canal
How does the superficial inguinal ring lie?
It lies superolateral to the pubic tubercle
