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Abdomen Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Layers of anterior abdominal wall

A

Skin ( transverse langer lines )
Cramper fascia ( superficial thick fatty layer)
Scarpa fascia ( deep more membranous layer )

Flank musles ( external oblique ; internal
Oblique ; transabdominalis)

Rectus sheath
Rectus abdominalis
Transversalis fascia
Peritoneum

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2
Q

what is cauinauds classification?

A

cauinauds classification is system of dvidingThe liver into 8 segments Depending on the supply of Hepatic artery , Portal vein , & drainage of Bile duct

clinically, Hepatic vein also had Importance in dividing Lived into segments.

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3
Q

Liver as divided into How many segments? (ACC to cauinauds classification)

A

8 segments according to Couinauds classification

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4
Q

what is the importance of Couinaud’s classification / segmentation of Liver?

A

segmental resection

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5
Q

M C Q :
The liver is divided into cauinauds segments by following all except?
A) Hepatic vein
B) Portal Vein
c) Bile Duct
D) Hepatic arte y

A

A) Hepatic vein

Portal vein is given more Importance than Hepatic vein ACC to Gray Anatomy new edition

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6
Q

Couinauds Classification is done basied on

A

Hepatic artery supply
Portal vein supply
bile drainage

Hepatic vein is also considered in old Gray anatomy textbooks & in Clinical Practice.

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7
Q

How would the Cauinaud classification help in segmental resection?

A

These segments are intersegmental in nature and they create Surgical planes And also help to minimize the tissue damage and bleeding

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8
Q

what is cantiles Line?

A

cantiles Line is an imaginary Line b/w mid point of inferiorvenacava & midpoint of gallbladder

it divides the liver into Right & Left surgical Liver

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9
Q

__________________ is the Line dividing Liver into Right & left Surgical Liver

A

Cantiles Line

Line joining midpoint of gallbladder &mid point of inferior vena cava

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10
Q

_________________ is the Line B/W midpoint of gallbladder & midpoint of Inferior vena cava

A

Cantiles Line

liver is divided into Right & Left surgical Liver by cantiles Line

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11
Q

what is the falciform Ligament?

A

falciform Ligament is a double fold Peritoneum that connects Live with Anterior Abdominal wall and divides Liver into Anatomical Left and Right Lobe.

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12
Q

____________ divides the liver into Left Lobe and Right Lobe Anatomically.

A

falciform Ligament

double fold Peritoneum connects Liver with Anterior Abdominal wall.

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13
Q

Name the three tributes of the Hepatic vein, which play an Important role in Cauinauds Classification

A

1.Right Hepatic vein
2.Middle hepatic vein
3.Left hepatic vein

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14
Q

Nutrients absorbed by the gut are transported to the liver by_____________

A

Portal vein

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15
Q

_______________ drains blood from Liver

A

Hepatic vein

nutrient’s from the gut through Blood—-> Portal vein —-> Liver—-> Hepatic vein —-> Inferior vena cava —->Right Heart—-> Lungs —-> Left Heart—->Rest of the body though vascular system.

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16
Q

what is the first and small segment of Liver acc to couinauds Classification?

A

Caudate Lobe
(OR)
first cauinauds segment
(OR)
Third Surgical lobe of Liver
(OR)
Comma shaped Lobe of Liver

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17
Q

which Lobe/segment of Liver drian’s blood directly into inferior vena cava?

A

Caudate Lobe
(OR)
comma shaped Lobe of Liver
(OR)
first segment according to cauinauds classification
(OR)
Third Surgical lobe of Liver

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18
Q

what are the segments of cauinaud Present in the Anatomical Left Lobe?

A

2,3

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19
Q

what are the cauinauds segments present in Anatomical Right Lobe of Liver?

A

4,5,6,7,8

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20
Q

what is the third surgical Liver?

A

caudate Lobe is the third surgical lobe of Liver

comma shaped Lobe of Liver
first cauinauds segment

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21
Q

which couinauds segment hides the third Surgical lobe of Liver?

A

Third Surgical Liver/first cauinauds segment/Caudate Lobe of Liver/first cauinauds segment is hidden by 4 A Cauinauds segment posteriorly

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22
Q

Which Cauinauds segment is the largest among them?

A

4th Cauinauds segement

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23
Q

. which cauinauds segment is further divided into two parts?

A

4th Cauinauds segment is further divided into
4 a-superiorly
4 b-inferiorly

4a covers caudate Lobe
4b covers QUadrate Lobe

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24
Q

Name the Lobe of Liver that has been covered by 4b cauinauds segment

A

quadrate Lobe is Quadrangular shaped present behind 4b cavinauds segement

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25
Name the Lobes of Liver that are visible only on posterior View
Caudate Lobe ---->covered by 4 a cauinauds segment Anteriorly quadrate Lobe ---->covered by 4 b cauinauds segment Anteriorly ## footnote caudate - Comma Shaped Quadrate-quadrangular shaped
26
fissure for ligamentum venosum is Present B/W which two cauinauds segements
segment 1 & segment 2.
27
Cauinauds segments 1 & 3 are separated by which structure?
fissure for Ligmentum venosum
28
fissure for Ligamentum teres is present B/w which two cauinauds segments?
segements 3 &4
29
what is the structure that present B/W Cauinauds 3 & 4 segments?
fissure for Ligamentum Teres
30
Name the Lobe of Liver that present B/W Inferior vena cava and fissure for Ligmentum venosum?
Caudate Lobe, (OR) first segment of cauinaud, (0R) third Surgical lobe of Liver, (OR) comma shaped Lobe of Liver
31
name the Lobe of Liver Present B/W gallbladder and fissure for Ligamentum Teres
quadrant Lobe (OR) Quadrangular shaped Lobe
32
Name the two structures that are joined to form common hepatic duct
-Right Hepatic duct - Left Hepatic duct
33
Right hepatic and Left hepatic duct are joined to form_________________
common hepatic duct
34
Right hepatic duct drain Bile from which Cauinauds segements
5,6,7,8 (Right Surgical Liver)
35
what are the Cauinauds segments that drain Bile in Left he hepatic duct
2,3,4 (Left surgical Liver)
36
Left surgical Liver drains bile into_______________
Left hepatic duct
37
Right surgical Liver drains ble into_______________
Right hepatic duct
38
Name the part of liver that Drains Bile into both right & left hepatic duct
Caudate Lobe (OR) comma shaped Lobe (OR) first cauinauds segment (OR) Third surgical Lobe of Liver
39
What is the clinical importance of cantiles line ..?
It divides the liver into the right and left surgical liver . ## foot note Imaginary line joining midpoint of inferior vena cava and gallbladder is called cantiles line
40
Duodenum is further sub divided into___________________
D1 , D2, D3, D4
41
Duodenum corresponds to which vertebrea
L 1, L 2 , L 3 ## foot note Head of pancreas also present at the level of L1, L2, L3
42
head of Pancreas corresponds to which vertebrea
L 1, L 2, L 3
43
Length of Duodenum is
10 inches i.e. D1-2 inches D2-3 inches D3-4 inches D4-1inch
44
first part of Duodenum Covers_________
head of Pancreas
45
second part of duodenum lies anterior to_______________
Right Kidney
46
Name the Blood vessels that Lie Anterior third part of Duodenum
superior mesenteric Artery superior mesenteric vein
47
what is the other Name for nephrons ?
uriniferous tubules.
48
Name the microscopic structure from which urine is formed
nephron
49
mention five major parts of the nephron
Bowmans Capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule collecting duct
50
The kidney is divided into two subregions namely
Renal cortex - Periphery Renal medulla -Deep
51
collecting ducts Bring urine toward__________________
Renal Papilla
52
Pathway of urine within the kidney
collecting duct of nephron ----> minor calyx ----> Major calyx ----> Renal pelvis ----> ureter
53
Name the structure that Lie Anterior to the Right kidney
Liver (Bare area ; Caduate lobe of Lever, Right Liver) 2nd part of Duodenum (D 2) Hepatic flexure of Colon (OR) Right flexure of colon Right Adrenal gland Hepatorenal recess (Hepatorenal Pouch of Morrison) small intestine -ileum ascending colon
54
Name the structure that lies Anterior to the left kidney
Interior surface of spleen Left Adrenal gland Body of pancreas stomach Left colic flexure (Or) splenic flexure of colon Descending colon small intestine-Jejunum ## foot note tail of Pancreas is related to Hilum of spleen.
55
Name The Bones that present Posterior to kidneys
Right Kidney -12th rib Left kidney- 11th &12th rib ## foot note The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney due to the liver
56
name the Bone present Behind the Right kidney
12th rib
57
Name the Bones present behind the left Kidney
11th & 12th Rib
58
what are structures present behind the kidney?
3 Nerves 1) ILioinguinal nerve 2) Iliohypogastric nerve 3) Subcostal nerve- under the 12th rib 4 muscle 1) psoas major 2) Quadratus Lumborum 3) Transverse abdominalis 4) Diaphragm
59
what is the length of URETER ? & How is it distributed in the Abdomen & Pelvic region?
Total ureter Length is 25 cm 12.5cm in the abdomen region 12.5 cm in the pelvic region
60
what is morris quadrilateral?
quadrilateral formed by drawing two Horizontal parallel Lines at the level of 11th Thoracic and 3 rd Lumbar vertebrae & Two Vertical Lines 3.75cm and 8.75 Cm away from the midline respectively ## foot note it is surface marking of kidney
61
True / flase The ureter is the peritoneal organ and it is covered by two peritoneal Layers (visceral & Parietal peritoneum)
false ##footnote ureter is retroperitoneal organ
62
How the Renal vein, Renal artery, Renal Pelvis are related to each other in the renal hillum?
from Anterior to posterior Renal vein Renal artery Renal Pelvis
63
true/false Gondal arteries Crosses the ureter anteriorly from Medial to Lateral side
True
64
True/false At the beginning of pelvis ureters have the same bulge due to lodging urine due to constriction effect of Pelvic diaphram
false ## foot note The ureter becomes narrow at the Pelvic brim
65
True/false ureters crosses colic arteries anteriorly from medial to Lateral
false ## foot hote Colic arteries crosses ureter Anteriorly from medial to lateral
66
Right Colic artery is a Branch of __________________ is branch of ______________ is branch of _________________
1) Ileocolic artery 2) Superior mesentric artery 3) Abdominal arota
67
Left colic artery is a branch of __________________ is branch of______________
1) inferior mesenteric artery. 2) Abdominal arota
68
true/false. Common iliac arteries into internal and External illac artery infront of the ureter
false ## foot hote Common iliac arteries divides into internal & External iliac arteries behind the ureter
69
True/false: As the ureter is a retro Peritoneal organ it lies Posteriorly behind Psoas major muscle
false ##footnote ureter runs Anterior to the psoas major muscle
70
mention Locations in the ureter at which there is a high chance of callus formation is present?
These are the narrowing sites of ureters 1) Pelviureteric Junction 2) Pelvic brim 3) Part of the ureter related to the Round Ligament /vas deferens 4) ureterovesical Junction 5) Trigone of urinary bladder 6) Part of the ureter that passes through the wall of urinary bladder
71
mention the Arteries suppling of ureter
Renal artery Gonadal artery Arota Common iliac artery internal iliac artery ( Uterine artery middle rectal artery vaginal artery interior vesical artery superior vesical artery ) ## foot note As ureter is long tubular structure that have multiple arteries for blood supply
72
what are the Branches of Internal iliac artery that supply ureter?
1) uterine artery 2) Middle rectal artery 3) vaginal artery 4) inferior vesical artery 5) superior vesical artery.
73
true/false All the branches of Internal ilac artery supplies to the ureter
false ## foot note Branches of internal iliac artery that supplies to the ureter are 1. uterine Artery 2. middle rectal Artery 3. vaginal artery 4. inferior vesical artery 5. superior vesical artery
74
True/false ureter Pass anterior to the Bifurcation of common iliac artery and ureter get it's , major Blood Supply from Branches of Interal & External iliac artery
false ## foot note External iliac artery deos not supply the ureter
75
True/false At the entry point of the pelvis ureter will have a small bulge due to the compression effect of Pelvic Diaphram
false ##footnote ureter become narrower at Pelvic brim
76
Name the narrow regions of ureter
1) Pelviureter Junction . 2) Pelvic brim 3) Ischial spine may become narrow in some Individuals - Entery of the urinary bladder wall - while passing though urinary bladder wall - when opening into Urinary bladder ## foot note.. There is high chance of call us a rmation at the sites of narrowing
77
True/false ureter crosses the gonadal arteries Medial to lateral Anteriorly.
false ## foot hote gonadal arteries cross the ureter medial to lateral Anteriorly
78
True/false colic arteries crosses the ureter Anteriorly from medial to Lateral
True
79
Right Colic artery is a Branch of__________________ is branch of_____________ is a branch of________________
1) ileocolic artery 2) Superior mesentery artery 3) Abdominal arota
80
left colic artery is a branch of _______________ is branch of _______________
1) Inferior mesenteric artery 2) Abdominal arota.
81
Name the Cauinauds segments from which Right hepatic duct drains Bile
5th ,6th, 7th,8th
82
which cauinauds segments drains bile into Left hepatic duct
2nd, 3rd ,4th
83
which part Liver drains Bile into both Right &Left hepatic ducts
Third surgical Liver caudate Lobe Comma shaped Lobe of Liver first cauinauds segment
84
what are the structures that Join to form a common hepatic duct?
Right hepatic duct Left hepatic duct
85
cystic duct drains bile from ________________
Gall bladder
86
name the structures that Join to form common Bile duct
cystic duct and common hepatic duct
87
what is the Hartmann's pouch?
A small pouch located at the Junction of the cystic duct and the neck of the bladder ## foot hote gall stones are usually lodged in the Hartmanns Pouch
88
what is the spiral value of Heister?
The cystic duct will have mucosal fold know as spiral value of Heister
89
Name the artery that supplies to the gallbladder
cystic artery
90
what are the Boundaries of Callot triangle?
superiorly-cystic artery. laterally-cystic duct medially- common hepatic duct
91
92
what are the contents of Callots Triangle
Lymph node of Lund
93
where does the lymph node of Lund is located?
Callots Triangle.
94
enlargement of lymph node of Lund is seen in case of____________
cholecystitis
95
Common bile duct is covered anteriorly by ____________________
1 St Part of duodenum head of pancreas
96
True/false The main pancreatic duct carries secretion from Pancreas and Lies anterior to the head of Pancreas
false ##footnote main pancreatic duct Lies posterior to the head of pancreas
97
Name the structures that are joined to form Hepato-pancreatic duct
1) common bile ducts 2) main Pancreatic duct
98
MCQ Hepato-Pancreatic duct opens into ___________ part of Duodenum
redial wall of 2nd part of duodenum
99
Name the sphincter that is present at Ampulla of vater
sphincter of oddi
100
Ampulla of vater is located at_______________
Junction of Hepatopancreatic duct & 2nd part of doodeboem
101
sphincter of oddi is located at Junction of
hePatopancreaticduct & 2nd Part duodenum
102
sphincter of boyden is also known as
Sphincter choledochus
103
The sphincter of boyden is Located at
end of common bile duct where Joins with the Pancreatic duct to form Hepato pancreatic duct.
104
Sphincter of Pancreaticus is located at
end of the main pancreatic duct where it Joins with the common bile duct to form hepatopancreatic duct
105
Sphincter of boyden further consists of Sphincters within itself namely
Superior biliary sphincter middle biliary sphincter inferior biliary sphinoter

Anatomy (4 decks)

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