Abdomen Flashcards
(28 cards)
Where are the kidneys located and what structures surround them?
In the retroperitoneum, surrounded by peri-renal and para-renal fat pads, anterior to the Psoas Major and Quadratus Lumborum.
What happens to peri-renal fat pads in trauma?
Blood may pool within renal fascia and cross the midline due to continuity of fat pads.
What enters and exits the renal hilum?
Renal artery enters; renal vein and renal pelvis exit.
Which kidney lies lower and why?
Right kidney lies more inferiorly due to the liver.
What are the 3 common ureteric stone obstruction sites?
PUJ, pelvic brim (common iliac bifurcation), VUJ.
On which muscle do ureters descend?
Psoas Major.
Where do ureters enter the bladder?
Posterior aspect.
Which lumbar spine parts align with the ureters?
Transverse process tips.
List topographic locations of large intestine segments.
Caecum: Right groin, Asc. colon: Right flank, HF: Right hypochondrium, TC: Epigastric, SF: Left hypochondrium, DC: Left flank, SC: Left groin, Rectum: Pubic.
What helps identify large bowel on CT?
Gas (and faeces).
Where is the small bowel typically located?
Centrally and anteriorly in abdomen, below transverse colon.
Where is the stomach located and where is gas seen on axial CT?
Anterior and left in epigastric region; gas appears anteriorly.
What shape is the duodenum and how is it seen in CT planes?
C/G-shaped; descending/ascending visible on coronal/sagittal, superior/inferior on axial.
What lies next to descending duodenum on axial CT?
Head of the pancreas.
How is the liver divided in radiology?
8 functional segments using portal and hepatic veins; Cantlie’s line separates left and right lobes.
What defines Cantlie’s line?
Line between gallbladder and IVC, through middle hepatic vein.
Where is the gallbladder located in relation to IVC?
Anterior and right of IVC.
Where is the portal vein in relation to the IVC?
Anterior.
Which colon part is seen inferior to the liver on CT?
Hepatic flexure.
What is the clinical significance of liver-kidney relation?
Hepatorenal pouch (Morrison’s pouch) collects fluid/blood in supine position.
How to distinguish IVC from Aorta on axial CT?
Aorta is more circular and muscular; IVC is flattened and elliptical.
Which organs form impressions on the spleen?
Stomach (anterior/right), left kidney (posterior/inferior), splenic flexure (anterior/inferior).
Splenic artery vs splenic vein in imaging?
Artery is tortuous, hard to follow in one slice; vein is straight, easier to trace.
What organ lies anterior to the splenic vein?
Pancreas.
