Abdomen 2

Question 1

What is visible on the left side of the horse?

Answer 1

1. Stomach
2. Liver
3. Spleen
4. Descending colon
5. Jejunum
6. Left dorsal colon
7. Left ventral colon

Question 2

What can you view on the right side of the horse?

Answer 2

1. Liver
2. Right kidney
3. Descending duodenum
4. Body of cecum
5. Right ventral colon
6. Right dorsal colon

Question 3

What can you see on the ventral surface of the horse?

Answer 3

1. Body of cecum
2. Apex of cecum
3. Right ventral colon
4. Ventral diaphragmatic flexure
5. Left ventral colon
6. Dorsal diaphragmatic flexure

Question 4

What is the mesentery?

Answer 4

Connect the dorsal body wall to the intestine

Question 5

What is the omentum?

Answer 5

Connects other organs to the stomach

Question 6

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 6

Attaches organs to the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 7

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 7

Attaches organs to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 8

What are the different ligaments of the abdomen?

Answer 8

• Hepatogastric
• Hepatoduodenal
• Gastrosplenic
• Phrenicosplenic
• Gastrophrenic
• Renosplenic

Question 9

What are the boundaries of the liver on the right side of the horse?

Answer 9

From the diaphragm to the right kidney

Question 10

What are the boundaries of the liver on the left side of the horse?

Answer 10

Caudal to diaphragm under ribs 7-10

Question 11

What are the lobes of the liver?

Answer 11

• Left lateral lobe
• Left medial lobe
• Quadrate
• Right lobe
• Caudate lobe

Question 12

What are the ligaments of the liver?

Answer 12

• Hepatogastric
• Hepatoduodenal
• Hepatorenal
• Rt Triangular
• Lt Triangular
• Falciform
• Coronary
• Round

Question 13

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 13

In the left half under the ribs. Fundus under the 15th rib. Lowest part around 9th or 10th rib. and cardia at about level of the 11th rib

Question 14

Which kidney is farther cranially?

Answer 14

Right

Question 15

WHat is the shape of the kidneys?

Answer 15

Heart shaped

Question 16

Where is the right kidney?

Answer 16

Ventral to dorsal aspect of last 2 or 3 ribs

Question 17

Where is the left kidney?

Answer 17

Ventral to dorsal aspect of last rib, medial to spleen and is palpable and bean shaped

Question 18

What are the parts of the duodenum?

Answer 18

1. Cranial part-sigmoid flexure
2. Descending part-Descends on right ventral to liver. Caudal flexure here
3. Ascending part- Transition into jejunum at duodenojejunal flexure

Question 19

What are the borders of the epiploic foramen and what is it?

Answer 19

Opening from the peritoneal cavity to the omental bursa.
Dorsal: Caudate lobe of liver and caudal vena cava
Ventral: Hepatoduodenal ligament, pancreas and portal vein

Question 20

Where is the pancreas?

Answer 20

In the mesoduodenum. Pressed against abdominal roof and fitted into the concavity of the cranial duodenal flexure

Question 21

Which intestine is highly mobile but usually primarily in the left dorsal abdomen?

Answer 21

Jejunum

Question 22

Where do you find peyer’s patches?

Answer 22

Jejunum and ileum

Question 23

What are the parts of the cecum?

Answer 23

1. Base-Paralumbar fossa
2. Body- runs ventrally then cranially
3. Apex- close to xiphoid

Question 24

The ascending and transverse colon are the…

Answer 24

Large colon

Question 25

The descending colon is the...

Answer 25

Small colon

Question 26

Ileal orifice and cecocolic orifice are at the level of what rib?

Answer 26

17th ICS

Question 27

What are bands?

Answer 27

Teniae coli, longitudinal muscle fibers that can shorten to form sacculations

Question 28

Which intestines have four bands?

Answer 28

4 on the floor. Cecum, RVC, and LVC

Question 29

How many bands does the RDC have?

Answer 29

3 bands

Question 30

How man bands does the LDC have?

Answer 30

1 band caudally and 3 near the diaphragmatic flexure

Question 31

How many bands does the pelvic flexure have?

Answer 31

1 band

Question 32

How many bands does the TC have?

Answer 32

2 bands

Question 33

How many bands does the small colon have?

Answer 33

2 Bands

Question 34

What is the cecocolic fold?

Answer 34

Fold of mesentery from the cecum to the colon. Can be used to hold intestines during surgery

Question 35

What is the ileocecal fold?

Answer 35

Between the ileum and cecum. Can use this to tell the length of the ileum

Question 36

How can you tell the difference between small intestine and small colon?

Answer 36

Colon has bands and saccules

Question 37

What are the gastric zones?

Answer 37

1. Non glandular region 2. Glandular region - cardiac glands - Fundic glands - Pyloric glands

Question 38

What is the line between glandular and non glandular stomach called?

Answer 38

Margo plicatus

Question 39

What are the regions of the stomach?

Answer 39

1. Fundus 2. Body 3. Pyloric

Question 40

Why don't horses vomit?

Answer 40

Esophagus enters cardia at an acute angle and the cardiac sphincter is very strong

Question 41

What does the celiac artery supply?

Answer 41

Cranial abdominal organs, liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, cranial duodenum

Question 42

What does the cranial mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 42

Caudal porton of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, pancreas, cecum, ascending and transverse colon and part of descending duodenum

Question 43

What does the caudal mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 43

Descending colon and cranial rectum

Question 44

What are some of the causes of colic?

Answer 44

Obstruction, spasm, distension, and strangulation