Abdomen Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Positioning
A
- Mid sagittal plane perpendicular to scan plane
- Mid coronal plane aligned to the center of the scan plane
- Range: diaphragm to pubic symphysis
- Arms up
2
Q
AP Abdominal Scout
A
- Map out start and stop
- Right and left centering
3
Q
Lateral Abdomen Scout
A
- Review start and stop
- Anterior and posterior centering
4
Q
Abdomen Scouts
A
- Enables mA modulation
- Maximizes (decreases) FOV
5
Q
List 5 criteria for evaluation of Abdominal CT
A
- Abdominal wall for hernias, enlarged lymph nodes, abscesses
- Liver and spleen for homogenous parenchyma without focal lesions, well defined surfaces
- Gallbladder is well defined, thin wall, r/o calculi
- Pancreas and adrenals are well defined, normal size
- Kidney, ureters and bladder for symmetic excretion of CM, obstruction, atrophy, thin and smooth bladder wall
6
Q
A
Lymph node hyperplasia
7
Q
A
Inguinal hematoma
8
Q
A
Abscess
9
Q
A
Abscess
10
Q
A
Inguinal hernia
11
Q
Liver
A
- Normal CT attenuation of the unenhanced liver is between 38 - 70 HU
- In healthy subjects the liver is at least 10 HU greater than the spleen
- Fatty infiltration and hemangioma are two common findings in the liver
- Most often scanned just once, during the portal venous phase
- Hyperenhancing tumors may be better visualized with dual-phase imaging
12
Q
3 Phases of liver circulation
A
- Arterial
- Portal
- Late Venous
13
Q
A
Arterial phase
14
Q
A
Venous phase
15
Q
A
Portal Phase
16
Q
3 primary cancers that metastasize to the liver
A
- Lung
- Colon
- Breast/ Prostate
17
Q
A
Narrow window
18
Q
A
Hemangioma: most common benign hepatic lesion
19
Q
A
Fatty liver
20
Q
A
Fatty liver
21
Q
A
Cirrhosis
22
Q
Criteria for evaluation of Abdomen CT
A
- Chirrhosis indications
- Liver has heterogeneous parenchyma
- Focal lesions
- Undefined surfaces
- Gallbladder calculi
- Thickened walls
23
Q
Most common primary liver cancer
A
Hepatocellular carcinoma
24
Q
A
Hepatocellular carcinoma
25
Hepaocellular carcinoma
26
Hepatocellular carcinoma
27
Cup shaped gallstone
28
Ring shaped gallstones
29
Gallstone with GB sludge
30
Thickened GB wall
31
Thickened GB wall
32
Thickened GB wall
33
Thickened GB wall
34
Porcelain GB
35
Splenomegaly
36
Splenomegaly
37
Splenic infarction
38
Splenic laceration
39
Splenic laceration
40
Splenic laceration
41
Splenic laceration
42
Splenic lacerations
43
Splenic lymphoma
44
CT of the Adrenal Glands
* Determining whether an adrenal mass is benign or malignant is accomplised by assessing its attenuation values
* Evaluating the degree of CM that is washed out of the mass on delayed imaging
* Two unique features of adenomas on CT are used to differentiate benign from malignant lesions
* Intracellular lipid content
* CM washout
45
Adrenal gland - unenhanced
46
Adrenal gland - 1 min delay
47
Adrenal gland - 15 min delay
48
Adrenal gland washout
(Enhanced - Delay) / (Enhanced - Unenhanced)
Benign \> 60%
49
CT for Urinary Tract calculi
* More than 99% of stones, including those that are radiolucent on plain film radiography will be seen on **NON CONTRAST CT**
* Use split-bolus injection (delay between 2-15 min)
50
Renal transplant
51
Right dual ureters
52
Kidney enhancement phases
* Corticomedullary phase
* 30-70 sec after CM bolus
* Nephrogram phase
* 100-120 sec after CM bolus
* Excretory phase
* 3 min after CM bolus
53
Corticomedullary phase
30-70 seconds after CM bolus
54
Nephrogram phase
100-120 seconds after CM bolus
55
Renal cyst
56
-5 to 15 HU
57
Polycystic kidney disease
58
Abdominal CT Checklist
* Kidneys, ureters and bladder for symmetric excretion of CM
* Obstruction, atrophy, thin and smooth bladder wall
59
Hydronephrosis
60
Hydronephrosis
61
Hydronephrosis
62
Renal cell carcinoma
63
Renal cell carcinoma
64
Renal rupture
65
Renal rupture
66
Diverticula
67
Jet Phenomenon
68
Bladder wall tumor
69
Bladder carcinoma
70
Urostomy
71
Colostomy
72
Intrauterine device
73
Uterine carcinoma
74
Ovarian cyst
75
Ovarian cyst
76
Prostate carcinoma
77
Intraperitoneal gas
78
Normal air filled appendix
79
Normal appendix
80
Acute appendicitis
81
Inflamed appendix
82
Appendicolith
83
Ulcerative colitis
84
Crohn's disease
85
Diverticular disease
86
Diverticulitis
87
Colostomy
88
Abdominal wall abscess
89
Bowel Obstruction
90
Colon Obstruction
91
Colon obstruction
92
Colon obstruction
93
Colon obstruction
94
Colon Obstruction
