Abdomen Flashcards
Rectus abdominis is inserted into A. Xiphoid process B. Median raphe C. Linea alba D. 1-4 ribs
Answer-A. Xiphoid process
Rectus abdominis muscle is inserted along horizontal line passing laterally from the xiphoid process and cutting in that order the 7th, 6th and 5th costal cartilage.
In lower 1/4th of anterior abdominal wall, linea alba is narrow and indistinct and external oblique muscle is poorly formed.
True statement about lower 1/4th anterior abdominal wall
A. Linea alba is poorly formed
B. Two layers of rectus sheath is present
C. External oblique poorly formed
D. External oblique well formed and strong
E. Rectus abdominis is divided
Answer - A. Linea alba is poorly formed and C. External oblique poorly formed
Lymphatic drainage of umbilicus A. To the Axillary lymph node only B. To the inguinal lymph node only C. Both Axillary and inguinal lymph node D. To coeliac group E. To aortic group
Answer- C. Axillary and inguinal lymph nodes
Umbilicus plays a watershed line in terms of lymphatic and veinous drainage. Above the level of umbilicus, lymphatics run upwards to drain into axillary lymph nodes. Below the level of umbilicus they run downwards to drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
The right lobe of liver consists of which of the following segments- A. V, VI, VII and VIII B. IV, V, VI, VII and VIII C. I, V, VI, VII and VIII D. I, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII
Answer- A. V, VI, VII and VIII
The portion of liver on the left side of falciform ligament is left lobe of liver. And in Couinaud’s functional segmentation of liver, the segment no II, III, IVa and IV b form the left lobe.
Segmentation of Couinaud’s system is based on hepatic vein (mainly) and portal vein.
This divides liver into 8 segments. Each segment contains branch of portal vein, hepatic arteriole and bile duct.
Right lobe of liver consists of segment V, VI, VII and VIII.
The left hepatic duct drains segment II, III and IV.
The right hepatic duct drains segment V, VI, VII, and VIII.
Caudate lobe or segment I is drained by both left and right hepatic ducts.
Spleen projects into the following space of peritoneal cavity A. Paracolic gutter B. Infracolic compartment C. Left subhepatic space D. Greater sac
Answer- D. Greater sac
Spleen develops from cephalic part of dorsal mesogastrium and so projects into the greater sac. Notching of superior border is an evidence of its multiple nodular origin.
Spleen lies obliquely along the axis of 10th rib and derives its nerve supply from celiac plexus.
Phrenocolic ligament and left colic flexure prevent downward displacement of enlarged spleen.
Sphincter of Oddi consists of A. 2 sphincters B. 3 sphincters C. 4 sphincters D. 5 sphincters
Answer- B. 3 sphincters
Sphincter of Oddi has 3 major sphincters i.e. At the end of bile duct (choledocal), pancreatic duct (pancreatic) and around ampulla (ampullary).
Right hepatic duct drains all, except A. Segment I B. Segment III C. Segment V D. Segment VI
Answer- B. Segment III
Right hepatic duct supplies segment V, VI, VII and VIII. Whereas segment I is supplied by both R hepatic duct and L hepatic duct.
Root of mesentery is crossed by - A. Horizontal part of duodenum B. Left gonadal vessels C. Left ureter D. Superior mesenteric artery
Answer- A. Horizontal part of duodenum
Root of mesentery crosses (successively) the ascending (4th) and inferior horizontal (3rd) parts of duodenum, abdominal aorta, IVC, right ureter, right psoas major and right gonadal (testicular/ ovarian) vessel.
Root of mesentery does not cross left ureter, left gonadal vessels and superior mesenteric vessels.
True statement about appendix A. Does not have mesentery B. Has Taenia coli C. Develops from midgut D. Supplied by appendicular branch of ileocolic artery
Answer- C. Develops from midgut
D. Supplied by appendicular branch of ileocolic artery
Appendix develops from midgut loop, is supplied by appendicular branch of ileocolic artery. It has mesoappendix but no taenia coli.
On contrast radiography which among the following is false A. Ileum is featureless B. Colon has haustrations C. Jejunum is feathery D. Distal part of duodenum has a cap
Answer- D. Distal part of duodenum has a cap
First 2 cm of 1st part of duodenum has duodenal cap or ampulla seen on contrast radiography - as triangular shadow.
Which of the following is false about the valves of Houston
A. Anteriorly correlate with peritoneal reflection
B. Are placed transversely
C. Contain all layers of intestine
D. Disappear on distension
Answer- D. Disappears on distension
Rectum shows longitudinal and transverse folds ; longitudinal folds becomes effaced(disappears) and transverse folds become prominent during distension.
The commonest anatomical position of appendix is A. Retrocaecal B. Pelvic C. Paracaecal D. Preileal
Answer- A. Retrocaecal
The most common position of appendix is retrocaecal (12’o clock) followed by pelvic or 4’o clock position.
What is false regarding dentate line:
A. Glands of Morgagni open below the line
B. Anal glands open at the line
C. Dentate line lies 2cm above the anal verge
D. Transitional epithelium lies above the dentate line
Answer- D. Transitional epithelium lies above the dentate line
Transitional epithelium lies below the dentate line in middle third of anal canal.
In an adult male, on per rectal examination, the following structures can be felt anteriorly except: A. Internal iliac lymph nodes B. Bulb of the penis C. Prostate D. Seminal vesicle when enlarged.
Answer- A. Internal iliac lymph nodes
The internal iliac lymph nodes do not lie in anterior relation to the rectum. When enlarged they may be palpated laterally.
