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EVOLVE modules > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What is a ascites?

A

An abnormal fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What is the peritoneal?

A

Double walled serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
Visceral = lines organs
serous fluid between
Parietal = lines abdominal walls

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3
Q

What are the specialised double layer folds in the peritoneum?

A
  1. mesentery = encases the intestines, attaches them to the abdominal wall
  2. Omentum
    Greater = hangs from bottom of stomach over intestines attaching stomach to spleen
    Lesser = connects lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver
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4
Q

Peritoneal compartment located above transverse colon?

A

Supracolic

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5
Q

What is the specialised double walled peritoneum that encases the intestines and attaches them to the abdominal wall?

A

Mesentery

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6
Q

Specialised double walled peritoneum that drapes from the greater curvature of stomach over intestines

A

Greater omentum

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7
Q

What is the specialised supportive tissue that functions to encase the intestines and attach them to the abdominal wall?

A

Mesentery

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8
Q

The anatomic structure that divides the peritoneal spaces into 2 main compartments?

A

Transverse colon

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9
Q

What is the primary structure that divides the retroperitoneal spaces?

A

Renal (gerota’s) fascia

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10
Q

State the 9 regions of the abdominal:

A
  1. Right hypochondriac 2. Epigastric region
  2. Left hypochondriac. 4. Right lumbar
  3. Umbilical region. 6. Left lumbar
  4. Right iliac region 8. Hypogastric region
  5. Left iliac region
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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A 
Superior = diaphragm 
Inferior = pelvic floor muscles
Posterior = muscles of deep back
Lateral = abdominal muscles
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12
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

Abdominal walls

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13
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

Organs

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14
Q

Describe the greater omentum:

A

Fat laden fold of peritoneum, drapes down from greater curvature of stomach

  • connects stomach with spleen
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15
Q

Describe the lesser omentum

A

Attaches duodenum and lesser curvature of stomach to the liver
- there is a space behind the lesser omentum and the stomach called the lesser sac

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16
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments?

A

Anything that is not mesentery or omentum, basically double layers of peritoneum that connect one organ to another or the anterior abdominal wall

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17
Q

Function of the falciform ligament:

A

Attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall & diaphragm

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18
Q

Structures located in the retroperitoneum

A
  • kidney. - pancreas
  • adrenal glands - duodenum
  • ureters - A & D colon
  • abdominal aorta. - inferior vena cava
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19
Q

Structures located in the peritoneum?

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • spleen
  • stomach/intestines
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20
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the right lobe of liver only visible on the posterior aspect?

A

Caudate

Quadate

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21
Q

What structure divides the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

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22
Q

Which portion of the gallbladder hangs slightly below anterior border of the liver?

A

The fundus

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23
Q

Which 2 biliary ducts join to form the common bile duct?

A

Common hepatic and cystic ducts

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24
Q

For which abdominal organ studied so far is sonography most commonly used to image?

A

Gallbladder

Biliary ducts

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25
In an axial image, what organ is usually seen posters lateral to the stomach?
Spleen
26
What is the most anterior portion of the stomach?
The body
27
Which is the following is most often seen closer to the MSP (mid sagittal plane) on axial images: spleen, stomach or pancreas?
Pancreas
28
In an axial image which portion of the stomach will be seen first?
Fundus
29
What organ will be seen on the medial aspect of the stomach in axial images?
Liver
30
What is the head of the pancreas associated with??
Duodenum of small intestine
31
What portions of the small and large intestines communicate?
Ileum of small intestine meets cecum of large intestine at the ileocecal valve
32
What portions of the large intestine are located on the right lateral side of the abdomen?
Cecum Ascending colon Right colic flexure
33
Which portion of the large intestine is located most superiorly in the abdomen?
Left colic flexure
34
Which portion of the small intestine is the longest?
The ileum
35
What is the typical shape of the adrenal glands on section images?
V-shaped or triangular in shape on sectional images
36
Describe the normal location of the kidneys on axial and sagittal
On axial images: located either side of vertebral body against posterior abdominal wall On sagittal image: just in front of the posterior abdominal wall
37
What lobes of the liver are only seen on the visceral aspect?
Quadrate | Caudate
38
The neck and body of the gallbladder are more: Anterior/posterior Inferior/superior Than the fundus
Posterior and superior
39
What is the upper portion of the stomach termed?
Fundus
40
Describe the width of the abdominal aorta:
It is wider in diameter at its proximal end and gradually gets smaller as it passes distally
41
At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?
At about the level of L4 | It bifurcates into the R & L common iliac arteries
42
What is the most superior parietal branches of the abdominal aorta?
Inferior phrenic arteries
43
What are the paired visceral branches that arise from the lateral walls of the aorta below the SMA?
Renal arteries
44
What is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?
Celiac artery
45
What is the unpaired visceral branch that arises just above the bifurcation of the aorta?
IMA | Inferior Mesentric Artery
46
What unpaired visceral branch arises inferior to the celiac trunk?
SMA | superior Mesentric artery
47
What is the largest vein in the body?
IVC
48
Where does IVC transport blood to and from?
From the lower limbs, abdominal, pelvic organs and abdominal wall to the heart
49
Location of the IVC in the abdomen?
Ascends the abdomen in the retroperitoneum to the right of the aorta.
50
Insertion points of the external oblique muscles of the abdomen?
Linda Alba and iliac crest
51
What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?
Flex spine laterally
52
Which abdominal muscle acts to flex the trunk?
Rectus abdominis
53
Function of the pyramidalis muscle?
Tense linea alba
54
Common function of anterolateral wall muscles?
Compress abdominal viscera
55
What supplies the diaphragm and the trunk? (Vasculature)
Inferior phrenic arteries
56
What do the lumbar arteries supply?
Lumbar vertebrae Posterior abdominal wall Inferior end of spinal cord
57
What does the middle suprARENAL arteries supply?
Adrenal glands
58
What does the celiac artery immediately branch into?
1) Left gastric 2) common hepatic 3) splenic
59
What supplies the upper portion of the stomach?
Left gastric
60
What does common hepatic supply?
Gives off numerous branches to supply liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancreas, lower portion of stomach
61
What does the superior Mesentric artery supply?
Small intestine, right side of large intestine, head of pancreas
62
What does inferior Mesentric artery supply?
Left side of large intestine, sigmoid and rectum
63
What are the group of lymph nodes that drain the abdominal organs?
Visceral lymph nodes
64
The IVC is formed by the junction of the R & L common iliac veins
Right and left common iliac

EVOLVE modules (2 decks)

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